免疫组织化学法检测HO-1在人挫伤脑组织中的表达

目的研究人脑挫伤后不同时间血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)表达的变化,为法医学脑损伤时间的推断提供依据。方法选择24例因颅脑损伤死亡案例为损伤组,4例非颅脑损伤死亡的案例为对照组,应用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术,分别于脑损伤后存活时间3h、6～9h、12～24h、36h～3d、5～8d及17～20d检测脑组织标本中HO-1随时间的变化规律。结果经统计学分析,HO-1阳性细胞表达在伤后3h以内组开始升高,12～24h组表达强度最高,36h～3d组仍见高表达,以后逐渐下降。各组组间及与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HO-1的表达可能成为实际检案中脑损伤时间推断的诊断指标。     

家兔死后体表锐器伤出血现象的研究

目的对家兔死后体表锐器损伤出血现象进行研究,以期能够贴近实际办案需要,找到一个更为实用的鉴别生前锐器伤和死后锐器伤的方法。方法家兔脱毛,制作锐器损伤模型,采用大体观察结合HE染色镜下组织病理学观察。结果死后锐器损伤出血量均较少,随着时间延长出血量减少,出血速度慢。死后30min的锐器损伤在形成过程与生前损伤有所区别,但在死后12h肉眼观察结果与生前损伤难以区别。死后1h以上的锐器损伤与生前损伤不同之处在于创缘不会被血染。结论位于尸体低下位置的死后30min内的锐器创与生前锐器创的区别是出血量相对较少。死后60min-90min的锐器伤出血量少,创缘皮肤不被血染,肌肉的出血较局限,与生前损伤相鉴别较容易。     

TAR DNA结合蛋白43的表达与脑损伤的相关性研究进展

TAR DNA结合蛋白43(TAR DNA-binding domain protein 43,TDP-43)是一种高度保守、广泛表达的核蛋白。如今发现TDP-43在大多数神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默症患者中表达,为神经退行性疾病相关的标记蛋白。本文从目前国内外的研究现状出发,围绕TDP-43的表达与脑损伤的相关性,在对TDP-43生物学特性认识的基础上,着重探讨TDP-43在急、慢性颅脑损伤中的特殊表达与作用,从而探索TDP-43在法医病理学中确定死亡原因、判定致伤致残情况的可行性。     

Violence against mental health care professionals: prevalence,nature and consequences

In this study, the prevalence, nature and consequences of violence against mental health care professionals are examined. Dutch mental health professionals working in clinical psychiatry were approached to fill in an online questionnaire on their personal experiences with physical violent incidents. It appeared that 67% of the 1534 respondents were victim of at least one physical violent incident in the past five years. In total, the 1534 respondents reported they had encountered 2648 physical violent incidents. In some cases, the consequences were very severe, not only for the victim but also for the employer. Some groups of professionals appear to have an increased risk of being victimized. The findings show that the violence that mental health professionals encounter is a substantial and severe problem that no longer should be disregarded.     

Deaths Due to Child Abuse: A 6‐Year Review of Cases in The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office

Case files from the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office from 2007 to 2012 were reviewed to analyze homicides due to physical child abuse in children <3 years old. Fatal cases mostly involved younger subjects. Intracranial injuries were the leading cause of death, while death due to extracranial injuries was uncommon. Eyes were involved in most of the cases. Spinal cord was involved in about 1/3 of the cases, mostly in the thoracic area. In some cases, previous injuries were present. There were significant differences in the pattern of injuries between age groups. Subjects showing signs of impact to the head and subjects with no evidence of an impact showed no significant difference in internal injuries. The association of multiple injuries is highly suggestive of child abuse. In suspected child abuse, a postmortem examination including neuropathological, ophthalmological, and radiological information should be always evaluated, together with investigative reports and the medical history.     

骨盆损伤鉴定的影像学检查方法选择探讨

目的通过研究骨盆结构和常用影像学检查方法,对骨盆损伤的影像学检查方法的选择提出建议。方法研究数例法医学鉴定中骨盆损伤的案例,结合骨盆环的生物力学和骨盆损伤分型,并对X线透视、X线摄片检查、CT等检查方法进行比较。结果四个骨盆损伤案例都是多发损伤,通过X线和CT检查均能满意地确认。结论结合骨盆致伤方式和生物力学,注意被鉴定人是否存在多发伤,来选择适合的影像学检查方法以正确评价骨盆损伤。     

Resilience in Inner City Youth: Childhood Predictors of Occupational Status Across the Lifespan

The present prospective study has followed a cohort of inner city men from adolescence (14±2) until age 65. While previous studies of shorter duration have identified numerous childhood factors that powerfully influence outcomes in young adulthood, this study examined the effect of these well-documented prognostic factors on occupational status across the lifespan. Consistent with previous studies, childhood environmental protector factors and parental social class predicted occupational status at age 25 significantly, but showed progressively weaker prediction at ages 32, 47 and 65. Timely early childhood development proved over time to be a far more important predictor than childhood social environment in adulthood. Ana C. DiRago is a Psychology Ph.D. student in the Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research area. She is involved with the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Her research interests include resilience and behavioral genetics in mood and anxiety disorders. George E. Vaillant is a Professor at Harvard Medical School. He has spent the last 30 years as Director of the Study of Adult Development charting adult development and the recovery process of schizophrenia, heroin addiction, and alcoholism. George considers Dan Offer a friend and long distance teacher.     

新华侨华人的职业结构及其影响因素——美国与加拿大的比较

本文用人口社会学理论分析了美国和加拿大新华侨华人的职业结构及影响因素.文章认为,20世纪70年代后进入美国和加拿大的华人应被视为新华侨华人.目前,海外华侨华人大约3500万,美国华人有330万,加拿大华裔有120万.美国和加拿大新增加的华人人口中,新华侨华人约占2/3.加拿大的新华侨华人主要集中在大城市,其中70%以上集中在多伦多、温哥华.19世纪至20世纪60年代美国华人移民基本上集中在西海岸地区,从1970年开始,华人集中而居的状况开始发生变化,区域分散化趋势日渐明显.美国和加拿大新华侨华人的职业结构总体上发生了巨大的变化,即由体力型向智力型转变,新华侨华人的经济地位也随之提高了很多.但是,新华侨华人中贫富差别严重.影响新华侨华人职业结构的因素有:美、加、中三国移民政策的调整放宽了对移民出入境的限制;华人人口结构发生的变化影响了其职业结构;知识结构的变化和劳动力市场也对新华侨华人职业结构产生了不可忽视的影响.     

Searching for Kin Amidst Tragedy—Disaster Victim Identification Operations for US Bangla Flight 211

The nature of air disasters includes factors that exacerbate challenges in the identification process. Of the 49 deceased in the US Bangla air crash in Kathmandu, Nepal, four were intact, 11 presented with burn injuries, another 11 presented with partial charring, and 23 were completely charred. Personal belongings were useful in the identification phases for all types of victims. Fingerprints were obtainable and useful in intact victims and victims with less severe burn injuries; medical and surgical information was useful in bodies with burn injuries; finally, dental findings were useful in cases of extensive charring. Other useful methods in the process included marks of identification, physical features, and exclusion. In certain resource‐limited settings, especially in closed population disasters, where scientific identification (DNA, dental records, etc.) is not currently available, personal belongings, clothing, and physical findings analyzed by an identification team using a structured organization may be cautiously used as the primary means of identification.     

大鼠原发性脑干损伤后S100B和GFAP的表达变化

目的观察大鼠原发性脑干损伤后脑干组织中S100B、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillory acidic protein,GFAP)的表达变化,探讨其与脑干损伤时间的变化规律及在损伤中的作用机制。方法建立机械性打击脑干损伤动物模型,利用HE染色、Gless嗜银染色和SP免疫组织化学法观察脑干组织中S100B、GFAP在损伤后不同时间的表达,并应用图像分析技术对其进行统计学分析。结果 S100B阳性表达于伤后30 min开始增多,随时间延长逐渐升高,于24 h达到高峰后开始下降,并于72 h基本降至正常水平;GFAP阳性表达于伤后30 min开始升高,48 h达到高峰后开始下降,但仍高于对照组。结论原发性脑干损伤后S100B、GFAP的表达具有时间规律性,在原发性脑干损伤时间的推断及神经修复过程中具有一定的作用。