CBS在脑挫伤后损伤时间推断中的作用

目的观察胱硫醚β合成酶(cystathionineβ-synthase,CBS)在脑挫伤后皮质中不同时段的表达变化。方法利用改良的自由落体装置建立小鼠脑挫伤模型,通过Western印记法和免疫组织化学方法检测不同时间点(1 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d、7 d)损伤区周围皮质CBS的表达变化。结果 Western印迹法显示,CBS在脑损伤后皮质中的表达下调,在损伤3 d时降到最低,于损伤7 d恢复到正常水平。免疫组织化学结果显示,CBS在正常皮质中有表达,损伤后表达逐渐减弱,损伤3 d后阳性表达明显减少,7 d恢复到正常水平。结论 CBS有望成为法医学推断脑挫伤后损伤经过时间的参考指标。     

眼损伤图形刺激对比度视诱发电位

目的研究眼损伤者对比度视诱发电位的特征。方法选取本中心行法医临床学鉴定的60例眼损伤者,根据最佳矫正视力分为0.2~0.3(A组)、0.3~0.5(B组)、≥0.5(C组)三组。分别观察100%、25%、10%对比度条件下的对比度视诱发电位波的振幅及潜伏期变化特征,并行统计学分析。结果 (1)相同对比度时,P_(100)波振幅随刺激视角的减小而降低;(2)相同刺激视角时,P_(100)波振幅随对比度降低而降低,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)100%、25%对比度时,相同刺激视角(100%7′视角除外),A组与B组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组与C组、B组与C组随视力提高,P_(100)波振幅增高(P0.05);10%对比度15′刺激视角,P_(100)波振幅随视力提高而增高(P0.05);(4)相同对比度下,相同刺激视角时,P_(100)波潜伏期随视力提高而缩短,但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。相同刺激视角时,随对比度降低,P_(100)波潜伏期延长,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对比度视诱发电位有望成为评估对比度视力的方法之一。     

Occupational stress,supervisor support,job satisfaction,and work-related burnout: perceptions of Turkish National Police (TNP) members

The present study examines whether, and to what degree, occupational stress in law enforcement is associated with job satisfaction, work-related burnout, and supervisor support. A total of 538 Turkish National Police (TNP) members form seven cities in Turkey completed the study survey. The results of the study indicate that the more TNP members experience their organization as stress inducing, the lower their job satisfaction levels, and the higher their burnout levels. Perceived operational stress was found to be significantly associated with their work-related burnout, but not with their job satisfaction. This study also suggests that there is an indirect causal effect of both organizational and operational stress on job satisfaction via supervisor support as mediator. Overall, the findings of this study illustrate a need for internal policy reform and managerial change in how the executives of TNP organize their agency and policies since organizational stressors are the most prevalent factors determining the work-related wellbeing of TNP members.     

4种影像学检查方法应用于肩关节损伤法医学鉴定的比较

目的 评价X线、CT、MRI及CT气-碘双对比造影4种方法在肩关节损伤法医学鉴定中的应用价值.方法通过对肩关节损伤患者行X线摄片、CT扫描、MRI成像与CT气-碘双对比造影检查,观察、分析4种方法所得的影像学资料.结果 X线摄片对骨折的诊断率为52.8%,对软组织损伤的诊断率为0%;CT对骨折的诊断率为72.0%.对软...     

Multiple Self‐Inflicted Stab Wounds to Neck,Chest and Abdomen as a Unique Manner of Suicide

Abstract: This is a case report of a 30‐year‐old man found dead in his flat lying on the floor with multiple stab wounds over the body, surrounded by an extensive volume of blood. Examination of the scene of death showed a secure flat, locked from inside. A blood‐stained knife was present close to the body and two unstained notes left on the sofa at the locus. A small plastic bag containing white powder (which following toxicological examinations appeared to be cocaine) and an almost full bottle of beer were present on a table. Autopsy revealed more than 40 stab wounds to neck, chest, and abdomen arranged in isolated groups within which the wounds showed similar directions and had a transverse orientation. Together with hesitation marks located on the neck and wrists these characteristics allowed to interpret this case as a suicide.     

道路交通事故二次损伤致死17例分析

目的探讨道路交通事故二次损伤致死的法医学鉴定思路和要点。方法收集17例道路交通事故二次损伤致死的案例,通过事故现场勘验和尸体检验收集交通事故发生的基本信息以及损伤分布、性质等资料。根据收集的信息,重建事故发生过程,明确死者的致伤过程,分析损伤的致伤方式和机制、损伤的严重程度,判断属生前伤抑或死后伤,明确死者的死亡原因。结果道路交通事故二次损伤致死案例存在损伤严重,多发伤与复合伤常见,生前伤、濒死伤与死后伤并存,致伤方式多样,致伤机制复杂,甚至多次损伤相互掩盖等特点。结论道路交通事故二次损伤致死的法医学鉴定需结合事故现场勘验、尸体检验等综合分析和判断。     

Enhancing the Visibility of Injuries with Narrow‐Banded Beams of Light within the Visible Light Spectrum

The use of narrow‐banded visible light sources in improving the visibility of injuries has been hardly investigated, and studies examining the extent of this improvement are lacking. In this study, narrow‐banded beams of light within the visible light spectrum were used to explore their ability in improving the visibility of external injuries. The beams of light were induced by four crime‐lites^® providing narrow‐banded beams of light between 400 and 550 nm. The visibility of the injuries was assessed through specific long‐pass filters supplied with the set of crime‐lites^®. Forty‐three percent of the examined injuries improved in visibility by using the narrow‐banded visible light. In addition, injuries were visualized that were not visible or just barely visible to the naked eye. The improvements in visibility were particularly marked with the use of crime‐lites^® “violet” and “blue” covering the spectrum between 400–430 and 430–470 nm. The simple noninvasive method showed a great potential contribution in injury examination.     

CDK5的表达与脑损伤时间推断的相关性研究进展

细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶5(cyclin-dependent kinase 5,CDK5)是CDK家族中一类不直接调控细胞周期的蛋白。CDK5通过靶蛋白的磷酸化在神经细胞的发育、修复及退行性变等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。脑损伤是指暴力作用于头部造成的脑组织器质性损伤,由于损伤发生后机体启动应激及修复机制,脑组织中变化的多种蛋白及酶类物质可作为损伤时间判定的指标。本文就CDK5的分布、活性机制、生理作用及其脑损伤研究与其作为脑损伤标志物可能性的研究进展进行综述。     

脑损伤患者听觉P300电位特点

目的探讨听觉P300电位对脑损伤患者认知功能障碍程度法医学评价的应用价值。方法对正常人和脑损伤患者,分别在主动（踩踏板）与被动任务状态下进行听觉P300测试。结果正常人主动任务状态P300电位中的N2、P3波波幅较被动状态高,潜伏期无明显延长,N1、P2波幅Cz点高于Pz点。脑损伤组被动任务状态下N2、P3波波幅较正常人被动状态下高．且潜伏期延长。脑损伤组主动任务状态P300电位中的N2、P3波波幅较被动状态高,且潜伏期延长。注意障碍患者P3波潜伏期改变最明显。结论任务类型主要影响N2、P3波幅。被动反应中的N2、P3潜伏期可作为评价脑损伤患者认知功能的指标。     

574例高坠死亡案件分析

目的通过对大量高坠死亡案件的现场分析、尸体的损伤形态学观察并结合案情调查资料,构建高坠案件法医病理学案例库,为研究疑难坠落死亡案件奠定基础。方法收集并回顾分析5省市574例高坠死亡案件资料,包括死者个人信息、现场勘查资料、尸检结果、精神疾病史和毒物检验结果。结果男性的意外死亡率明显高于女性;在0～10岁年龄组未见自杀案例;在60岁以上年龄组,自杀率明显高于意外死亡;大多数的意外案例都发生在工作地点;坠落高度在10m以下的案例中,落地最先接触部位以头部居多,而在10～25m高度,足或下肢多见。结论大多数高坠案例都有明确的结论,但部分案例成伤机制及死亡方式判断呈现明显分歧,应为今后坠落伤研究的重点方向。