公共物品供应和生产的分离与“俘获”的发生——对地方“政绩工程”的另一种分析路径

在公共物品的多中心供给模式中,供给过程往往被划分为供应和生产两个环节,并且分别被赋予了不同的职能定位,这种分离试图为应对公共物品通常供给不足的问题提供解决方案。然而,从公共选择的视角来看,以效率为核心的生产对供应的反馈作用、对公共物品的产出有可能产生影响,表现为有关公共物品决策的政治过程中的俘获行为加深,导致供给产出量的扭曲。在我国地方公共物品的供给实践中,这种现象表现为政绩工程的产生,即作为公共物品供应者的地方政府受到作为生产者的营利性组织俘获行为的影响,导致某些公共效用低下的公共物品产出过剩。因此,实行供应与生产相分离必须以公众偏好更有效地表达为前提,确保更具有公共性的公共选择结果,同时加强对政府采购的监管。     

哲学与哲学家——康德与牟宗三合论

康德在<雅舍本逻辑学>道论第三节以苏格拉底为典范,指出作为学术面相的哲学,与历史、数学有所不同;除此之外,哲学家还有透过实践通向爱智慧的精神面相.因此,哲学与哲学家在康德心中有崇高的地位与价值.牟宗三先生在其<五十自述>第四章<架构的思辨>中以康德为典范,一方面指出西方哲学架构思辨的殊胜,一方面对比出中国实践哲学的特质...     

物质生产的人本价值审视

就整个发展观的内在结构而言,社会发展以经济发展为中心,经济发展以物质生产的进步为中心。确立物质生产本身以人为本的价值理念,是我国新发展观实现以人为本的关键。物质生产的人本价值观,就是用人的目的至上性来评价物质生产的全过程及其结果对人的全面发展的效用。     

Determinants of knowledge transfer: evidence from Canadian university researchers in natural sciences and engineering

This paper addresses three questions: First, what is the extent of research transfer in natural sciences and engineering among Canadian university researchers? Second, are there differences between various disciplines with regard to the extent of this transfer? And third, what are the determinants of research transfer? To answer these questions, the paper begins by differentiating between technology transfer and knowledge transfer. It then identifies the individual researcher as the unit of analysis of this study and introduces a conceptual framework derived from the resource-based approach of firms. The paper then reviews the literature on each of the factors included in the conceptual framework, beginning with the dependent variable, knowledge transfer. The conceptual framework includes four categories of resources and one category of research attributes that are likely to influence knowledge transfer. Based on a survey of 1,554 researchers funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), comparisons of means of research transfer across research fields were conducted. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of research transfer by research field. The results of these analyses indicate that researchers transferred knowledge much more actively when no commercialization was involved than when there was commercialization of protected intellectual property. This paper thus adds to the relatively scarce evidence about knowledge transfer by examining knowledge transfer from a broader perspective than strict commercialization. The findings of this paper are also interesting for other reasons. We obtained statistical evidence indicating that researchers in certain research fields were much more active in knowledge transfer than those in other fields, thereby pointing to differences in levels of knowledge activities across research fields. Furthermore, we obtained evidence showing that only two determinants explained knowledge transfer in all the six research fields considered in this study, namely, focus of research projects on users’ needs, and linkages between researchers and research users. Statistical evidence obtained indicates that the other determinants that influence knowledge transfer vary from one research field to another, thus suggesting that different policies would be required to increase knowledge transfer in different research fields. The last part of the paper outlines the implications of the regression results for theory building, public policy and future research.     

能力建设：应当重视的一个新的时代性课题

1978年以来,中国的社会图景发生了整体性的转变,这种转变把“能力建设及其对当代中国发展的意义”这一新的时代课题推到了前台。这就要求我们必须专门、全面和深入地研究能力、能力建设、能力建设的目标与方式、能力建设对当代中国发展的重大意义等问题,以及创立能力建设理论,并以这一理论为指导,围绕能力建设,从规律性上探索当代中国的发展理念、发展思路、发展途径、发展空间、发展力量、发展机遇和发展经验。     

挂牌督办改善地方安全生产治理效果了吗? ——基于双重差分法的实证检验

【问题】2010年实施的挂牌督办制度作为一种安全生产治理机制,能否切实改善地方安全生产治理效果?这个问题需要从理论和实证两方面加以分析。【方法】本研究采用2000—2018年广东省21个地级及以上城市的平衡面板数据,利用双重差分模型,分析挂牌督办对于改善地方安全生产治理效果的政策效应,并从官员异质性的角度对政策效应的差异进行考察,以及检验政策效应是否符合“边际效应递减规律”。【发现】研究发现:(1)挂牌督办显著降低了亿元GDP生产安全事故死亡率,这一结论在进行多种稳健性检验之后依旧成立。(2)官员推动挂牌督办改善地方安全生产治理效果存在个体差异,且党委领导推动政策施行的效果要高于行政领导。(3)相较于经济基础较为薄弱的非珠三角地区,政策效果在经济条件较好的珠三角地区表现得更加强劲,突破了“边际效应递减”的制约。【贡献】本文对挂牌督办改善地方安全生产治理效果的效应进行了探索,表明政策效应是存在的,但有其边界条件。精细化的政策实施应因地制宜、整体推进地方安全生产治理效果的改善。     

Impacts of increasing volume of digital forensic data: A survey and future research challenges

A major challenge to digital forensic analysis is the ongoing growth in the volume of data seized and presented for analysis. This is a result of the continuing development of storage technology, including increased storage capacity in consumer devices and cloud storage services, and an increase in the number of devices seized per case. Consequently, this has led to increasing backlogs of evidence awaiting analysis, often many months to years, affecting even the largest digital forensic laboratories. Over the preceding years, there has been a variety of research undertaken in relation to the volume challenge. Solutions posed range from data mining, data reduction, increased processing power, distributed processing, artificial intelligence, and other innovative methods. This paper surveys the published research and the proposed solutions. It is concluded that there remains a need for further research with a focus on real world applicability of a method or methods to address the digital forensic data volume challenge.     

Washing Away the Sins of the Past

Abstract

The National Water Act of 1998 is the legislative framework for integrated catchment management in South Africa. It is a progressive legislation that advocates inclusion and aspires to narrow the agp of unequal access to water in South Africa. The legitimacy and representativity of the catchment management agency depends largely on the success of the process leading to its establishment. The dynamic between the creation of trust and the construction of water management institutions is examined. The article highlights the problems that have emerged in the attempt to reform management systems and concludes that water management bodies need to more assertively build trust and reduce shame relations particularly amongst ordinary water users.     

Team Characteristics and Team Member Knowledge,Skills, and Ability Relationships to the Effectiveness of Cross‐Functional Teams in the Public Sector

Abstract

This study examines members of cross‐functional teams in the public sector for the necessary knowledge, skills, and ability (KSA) to be effective team members. It was determined that members of cross‐functional teams in the public sector possess the necessary KSA to perform effectively. The following characteristics are statistically significant factors: (1) years of professional work experience; (2) frequency of team participation; (3) the type of team training, i.e., collaboration and performance management; and (4) situational entry to team assignments (volunteered, assigned, requested), specifically volunteer and requested. The findings are significant in that managers within the government have some guidelines on team formation. They now know who should be team members, team members should be volunteers, and management should ensure that the team members have specific training in the areas of team collaboration and performance management. The findings are significant for employees as well. To acquire experience, employees should be interested in participating in a team environment (i.e., volunteering for the assignment). They should participate on numerous teams, so that they can become more effective as team members. Employees should acquire training in specific team skills (i.e., collaboration and performance management) to help them better understand how to work within the team and the team members and get results.     

Force and fraud: A radically coherent criticism of corrections as industry

As radical criminology continues to gain popularity among a new generation of scholars, there are several troubling developments that ought to be met with caution. First, many emergent writings seem to take a benevolent state for granted. Second, there is a tendency to present radical ideas in a vocabulary that is so abstruse that it is difficult to decipher precisely how social change might be realized. As a remedy to these problems, this article relies on blunt language to analyze the corrections industry; by doing so, it focuses on market principles shaping key mechanisms of social control, namely force and fraud. In terms of force, the US criminal justice apparatus is too often harsh and coercive, particularly for the poor and racial minorities. Compounding matters, citizens rarely challenge such force due in large part to fraudulent governmental insistence that tough on crime initiatives are necessary to maintain public safety. Among the items discussed within this framework are public misperceptions of crime and punishment, the production of prisoners in a capitalist system, and the encouragement of excessive incarceration producing financial and ideological dividends for the state as well as the private sector.