羊口疮病毒F1L与B2L基因核酸疫苗联合免疫小鼠特性的研究

为评价羊口疮病毒(OrfV)F1L与B2L基因核酸疫苗PVAX1-F1L、PVAX1-B2L联合免疫小鼠诱导体液和细胞免疫的应答效果,分别将PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L、PVAX1-B2L、PVAX1-F1L、PVAX1空载体与PBS通过后腿肌肉注射方式免疫小鼠,采用ELISA方法检测免疫不同时间段的小鼠血清中OrfV特异性抗体及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ,并通过MTT法检测免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示,PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫组小鼠血清抗体效价及IL-2、IFN-γ细胞因子水平显著(P<0.05)高于PVAX1-F1L和PVAX1-B2L单独免疫组,IL-4细胞因子水平差异不明显,但均与PVAX1空载体和PBS组差异极显著(P<0.01);PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫组小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖水平与PVAX1-F1L和PVAX1-B2L单独免疫组相比,差异显著(P<0.05),与PVAX1空载体和PBS组相比,差异极显著(P<0.01)。结果表明,PVAX1-F1L+PVAX1-B2L联合免疫小鼠能够增强OrfV特异性抗体的分泌和细胞免疫应答,这为羊口疮新型疫苗的研制奠定了理论基础。     

Rethinking the Porter Hypothesis: The Underappreciated Importance of Value Appropriation and Pollution Intensity

The impact of environmental regulation on the competitiveness of firms and industries remains a hot topic. Since the formulation of the Porter hypothesis, scholars from different research areas have tried to confirm or deny it. However, despite a vast literature engaging this debate, it remains unclear whether and under what conditions the hypothesis could be considered valid. We believe that this is due to the need to consider some additional factors. The aim of this review is to propose additional and significant themes, namely value appropriation and pollution intensity, to be considered when examining the impact of environmental regulation on the innovation and profitability of firms. Results show that the validity of the Porter hypothesis cannot be proved in any condition, but at the same time, there are additional factors that have a relevant influence on that construct, which can lead to a validation or rejection of the hypothesis.     

The Science–Policy Nexus in Collaborative Governance: Use of Science in Ecosystem Recovery Planning

Across many social–ecological systems, policy makers and scholars increasingly call for science to inform policy. The science–policy interface becomes especially complex as collaborative approaches include multiple stakeholders working together across jurisdictions. Unfortunately little is known about how much and how science is used in collaborative governance for social–ecological systems. This exploratory study examines instrumental, conceptual, and symbolic use of science in a science‐rich collaborative planning case in the Puget Sound, USA. It also examines the influence of science, relative to other factors, in collaborative planning, and what factors affect it. Results from a survey and document analysis indicate the prevalence of conceptual use of science, with relatively little symbolic use. Some factors promoting conceptual and instrumental use discourage symbolic use. Overall, while science is seen as influential in this science‐rich context, its influence is balanced by local stakeholder preferences and contextual information.     

Embutramide,a Component of Tanax®(T‐61) as a New Drug of Abuse?

Tanax^®(T‐61) is a euthanasia solution commonly used in veterinary medicine in Europe. It consists of three active components: embutramide, mebezonium iodide, and tetracaine hydrochloride. Human consumption of Tanax^®(T‐61) is usually associated with suicide attempts. In our 15‐year‐long practice, embutramide was detected only three times but within a short period. First, it was found in the urine of a 42‐year‐old veterinarian, and the other two observations were made in a 16‐year‐old young man. Urine samples were analyzed using Shimadzu Prominence TOX.I.S.II. HPLC–DAD system with online SPE extraction system. Both of the two patients denied any intention to die. These cases show that this veterinary drug may also be considered as potential drugs of abuse.     

信用证诈骗罪的主要客体初探——以2007年民事诉讼法修正案为对象

信用证诈骗罪的客体是复杂客体,对此我国刑法学界并无异议,但是对于该罪的主要客体则有不同观点。一种认为主要客体是信用证管理制度,理由是金融秩序是整个经济秩序的核心。另一种观点对信用证管理制度说提出批评,并认为主要客体应该是公私财产所有权。刑法理论中的主要客体认定标准是立法者保护的社会关系的侧重点。公私财产所有权说对信用证管理制度说的批评不能成立,其对自身观点的论证也缺乏说服力。因此,信用证管理制度说应当获得肯定。     

Distribution of Chemical Phenotypes (Chemotypes) in European Agricultural Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars

In Europe, more than 50 approved cultivars of fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) are in agricultural production. Their content of psychoactive tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is legally restricted to <0.2% (%w/w in the dry, mature inflorescences). Cannabis strains with much higher THC contents are also grown, illegally or under license for drug production. Differentiation between these two groups relies on biochemical quantification of cannabinoid contents in mature floral material. For nonflowering material or tissue devoid of cannabinoids, the genetic prediction of the chemical phenotype (chemotype) provides a suitable method of distinction. Three discrete chemotypes, depending on the ratio of THC and the noneuphoric cannabidiol (CBD), can be distinguished: a “THC-predominant” type, a “CBD-predominant” type, and an intermediate chemotype. We present a systematic genetic prediction of chemotypes of 62 agricultural hemp cultivars grown in Europe. The survey reveals the presence of up to 35% B_T allele-carrying individuals (representing either a THC-predominant or an intermediate chemotype) in some cultivars—which is unexpected considering the legal THC limit of 0.2% THC. The fact that 100% of the seized drug-type seeds in this study revealed at least one B_T allele, reflects that plant breeding efforts have resulted in a fixation of the B_T allele in recreational Cannabis. To guarantee a sincere forensic application based on a genetic chemotype prediction, we recommend not to classify material of unknown origin if the samples size is below nine genetically independent individuals.     

儿茶中表儿茶素提取工艺研究

目的 优选儿茶中有效成分表儿茶素的提取工艺。方法 以甲醇为流动相A,以0.04 mol/L柠檬酸溶液-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（45∶8）为流动相B,在phenomenex C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)上进行等度洗脱,容积比为15∶85。柱温：35 ℃;流速：1.0 mL/min;检测波长：280 nm;进样量20 μL。以干膏得率和表儿茶素提取率为考察指标,考察提取溶剂、提取温度、提取次数和提取时间等因素,采用正交试验优选最佳提取工艺。结果 优选工艺为药材加10倍量甲基叔丁基醚,70 ℃回流提取2次,每次1.0 h。结论 优选所得的工艺稳定可行,可作为儿茶中表儿茶素的提取工艺。     

显微鉴定技术在一枝黄花药材鉴别中的应用

目的 对加拿大一枝黄花和一枝黄花进行鉴别,从而控制一枝黄花的药材质量。方法 采用显微鉴定技术对两种样品的叶片进行显微制片并对比观察。结果 一枝黄花和加拿大一枝黄花在叶缘非腺毛的细胞构成数目和叶片下表皮非腺毛的类型方面存在明显差异,一枝黄花叶缘非腺毛常为3～7个细胞,而加拿大一枝黄花叶缘非腺毛多由2～4个细胞构成,加拿大一枝黄花的下表皮具有非鼠尾状的普通非腺毛,而一枝黄花则无。结论 一枝黄花和加拿大一枝黄花在叶片上的显微差异可以作为一枝黄花药材鉴别的参考依据。     

锦灯笼化学拆分组分的制备及抗菌作用研究

目的 研究中药锦灯笼各化学拆分组分的抗菌活性。方法 对锦灯笼化学组分进行拆分,检测其对金黄色葡萄球菌、耐药金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、耐药大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。结果 锦灯笼水提物组分、酸浆多糖组分、酸浆苦素组分对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有较强的抑制作用,且酸浆苦素组分还能抑制和杀死耐药金黄色葡萄球菌和耐药大肠杆菌。结论 锦灯笼各拆分组分具有一定的抗菌能力。     

大学非英语专业新生英语入学水平测试与分析

本研究采用客观测量和主观测量的方法,对大学非英语专业新生的英语入学水平进行了调查。研究发现:女生在英语水平客观测试和主观评价方面都优于男性;选择外语专业的新生英语水平客观测试和主观测量高于选择非英语专业的新生;无论学习者来自什么地域、无论年龄大小、无论什么时候开始学习英语,都可以达到同样的水平;新生的英语词汇水平比较低。建议有关各方重新认识英语词汇教学的重要性,以提高英语词汇教学水平。