重组猪源CD40L体外诱导猪肺泡巨噬细胞IL-1β和TNF-α的分泌

本试验旨在研究重组猪源CD40L蛋白(recombinant porcine CD40L,rpCD40L)的生物学活性。利用Alexa Fluor 488标记rpCD40L后,在体外与CD40+原代猪肺泡巨噬细胞(porcine alveolar macrophages,PAMs)作用,荧光显微镜观察rpCD40L与PAMs的结合,并通过qPCR、ELISA检测作用12 h和24 h后PAMs IL-1β和TNF-αm RNA与蛋白水平的变化。结果显示,荧光标记的rpCD40L与CD40+PAMs作用后,PAMs呈现绿色荧光,rpCD40L与PAMs作用后在基因和蛋白水平促进了IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。结果表明,课题组前期获得的rpCD40L能够与CD40+PAMs结合,且诱导PAMs IL-1β和TNF-α的分泌。     

口疮病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立检测口疮病毒(orf virus,ORFV)抗体的间接ELISA方法,原核表达口疮病毒B2L蛋白与6×组氨酸标签的重组蛋白;对纯化复性后的重组B2L蛋白进行Western-blot鉴定;用复性后的重组B2L蛋白作为包被抗原,优化反应条件,建立检测ORFV抗体的间接ELISA,并进行特异性、灵敏度和重复性评价,最后应用所建立的间接ELISA对来自四川部分地区的384份山羊血清样品进行检测。结果显示,成功原核表达出42 ku的重组ORFV B2L蛋白。Western-blot结果表明,重组蛋白具有良好的抗原反应性。间接ELISA最佳反应条件为:包被抗原质量浓度为5μg/m L,1∶100稀释血清作用2 h,酶标二抗以1∶2000稀释作用30 min,TMB显色时间为15 min。在该优化条件下,D450≥0.31为阳性。该方法具有良好的特异性、灵敏度和重复性。临床样品的间接ELISA检测结果显示,总阳性率为66.67%(256/384),其中未接种过疫苗的羊只抗体阳性率为34.81%(55/158)。上述结果表明,建立的间接ELISA可用于ORFV抗体的检测,四川部分地区山羊场羊只感染野毒的概率较大,疫苗免疫效果不佳。     

低温解除后辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化研究

在对两个辣椒品种进行低温处理的基础上,研究了低温结束后生长恢复期辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化情况。结果表明,低温使辣椒叶片中腐胺、精胺和亚精胺的含量有不同程度增加,使GA₃和IAA的含量降低和ABA含量增加；随着低温条件的解除,腐胺含量和ABA含量迅速下降至对照水平,表明腐胺和ABA含量的变化是植株自身对低温的一种应激反应,而精胺和IAA含量在低温解除一段时间后不能恢复至对照水平,推测精胺和IAA含量的变化是可能植株对低温的一种适应性反应。     

九十年来共青团工作基本经验探析

90年来，共青团在党的领导下，创造了不平凡的成绩，留下了极为宝贵的经验：一是坚持中国共产党的领导；二是弘扬爱国主义精神；三是坚持以人为本；四是开拓创新；五是投身于为人民群众服务的伟大实践。     

Socially optimal liability rules for firms with natural monopoly in contestable markets

This article considers the problem of socially efficient liability rules for firms in contestable markets where natural monopoly prevails due to decreasing average cost. If the fixed cost that pushes the entry-limiting price above marginal cost is large relative to the level of external harm of firms, the negligence regime is socially superior to the strict liability regime. In the opposite case, the strict liability rule may be socially superior.     

海洛因对大鼠海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质DLG4的影响

目的检测不同时程海洛因依赖大鼠海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质discs大同源物4(discs large homolog 4,DLG4)的蛋白表达,探讨海洛因依赖对突触后致密结构的影响。方法采用腹腔内递增注射海洛因的方法,建立海洛因依赖的大鼠模型,用免疫组织化学法检测海洛因依赖9、18和36 d大鼠海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质DLG4蛋白的表达,并与对照组进行比较。结果随海洛因依赖时间的延长,海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质DLG4蛋白的表达逐渐降低。结论海洛因依赖可影响海马、杏仁核和额叶皮质突触后致密结构,并随依赖时间的延长,影响更加明显。     

Organized elite power and clean energy: A study of negative policy experimentations with renewable portfolio standards

Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) is one of the most widely adopted clean energy policies in the U.S. However, organized elite power groups, backed by ample political and economic resources, have been known to lead RPS termination efforts. In the context of state renewable energy politics, organized elite power includes legislators affiliated with American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and anti-renewable energy business groups. Focusing on the roles of organized elite power, this study investigates the drivers of the formulation of RPS rollback (goal freeze) and termination bills, which we refer to collectively as negative policy experimentations. We find that RPS termination attempts are explained by the presence of ALEC legislators and anti-renewable energy business groups, whereas RPS goal freeze bills are better explained by conditions of policy operations. This study contributes to the policy process theory by providing critical insights into the post adoption decisions, including policy termination and rollback legislations, with a focus on the role of organized elite power.     

安徽银杏资源调查

目的：调查安徽银杏的分布与资源。方法：对全省银杏分布及现代栽培基地进行实地考察。结果：发现安徽是银杏自然分布中心区之一，也是栽培较为集中的地区，资源丰富。结论：产区应进一步开展利用银杏资源，并加强银杏栽培管理。     

Political Institutions and Pollution: Evidence from Coal‐Fired Power Generation

What is the relationship between political institutions and air pollution generated by the power sector? Here we focus on the association between democracy and power generated from coal, the most polluting of all fossil fuels. Using a new dataset on coal‐fired power plants commissioned between 1980 and 2016 in 71 countries, we find that the relationship between democracy and coal varies according to the environmental Kuznets curve logic. Democratic political institutions at lower levels of economic development are correlated with increased commissioning of coal power plants, as governments seek to appeal to an electorate prioritizing economic growth and affordable energy access. As a country becomes richer, democracy comes to have a negative association with coal power, as clean air becomes a more salient issue for the public.     

The States Come Marching In: Examining State Agency Influence on Federal Rules

Amidst congressional gridlock, administrative rulemaking is the main pathway for environmental policy making. Scholars have assessed the role of the institutions of government (the president, Congress, and the courts) and key interest groups (i.e., business and environmental interests) in shaping rulemaking outcomes. What is missing from this literature is an assessment of the role of key implementers, state environmental agencies. This research fills this gap by assessing the role and impact of state government agencies in three case studies of rulemaking at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Based on original interviews and a public comment analysis, this research suggests that state agencies play an active and influential role in EPA rulemaking. And, in some cases, state agencies wield more influence than other interest groups. Interviewees argued that this influence stems from these agencies’ unique voice as an implementation collaborator. As a result, researchers should incorporate an assessment of the role of these interests to more effectively explain regulatory outcomes at the EPA and potentially across the bureaucracy.