‘Donors are not interested in reality’: the interplay between international donors and local NGOs in Kyrgyzstan's HIV/AIDS sector

This article explores the interplay between international donors and local NGOs in Kyrgyzstan's HIV/AIDS sector. It argues that donors have transposed ready-made policies without sufficient consideration of the local context and that NGOs have responded strategically, adapting their proposals and reports to the expectations of donors. This complex interplay has resulted in unintended consequences that have undermined an effective response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It has given rise to ‘virtual realities’ detached from developments on the ground. The funding system has also led to corruption and misappropriation of funds and the failure of NGOs to become sustainable. Largely bypassing the state in the allocation of funds, international donors have also undermined an already weak state.     

Fatal Fentanyl Patch Misuse in a Hospitalized Patient with a Postmortem Increase in Fentanyl Blood Concentration

Opioid‐related mortality happens, even in healthcare settings. We describe serial postmortem fentanyl blood concentrations in a hospital inpatient who fatally abused transdermal fentanyl. This is a single‐patient case report. A 42‐year‐old man with lymphoma was started on transdermal fentanyl therapy while hospitalized for chronic abdominal pain. The patient was last seen awake 1.3 h prior to being found apneic and cyanotic. During the resuscitation attempt, a small square‐shaped film was removed from the patient's oropharynx. Femoral blood was collected 0.5 and 2 h postmortem, and the measured fentanyl concentration increased from 1.6 to 14 ng/mL. Study limitations include potential laboratory or collection errors and missing data. (i) Providers must be vigilant for signs of fentanyl patch abuse. (ii) Postmortem blood concentrations are not static postmortem, likely secondary to decreasing pH, increased aqueous solubility, and tissue redistribution, and are therefore unlikely to accurately represent antemortem blood concentrations.     

气相色谱/质谱检验合成大麻素K3中AKB48

目的建立较为快速准确的合成大麻素K3中AKB48的气相色谱/质谱检验方法。方法对进样口温度、初始柱温、柱流速及质谱采样率等4项色谱及质谱实验参数进行考察优化。结果 GC/MS检验合成大麻素K3中AKB48的优化条件为:进样口温度280℃,柱初始温度80℃,柱流速为2.0ml/min,质谱采样率为2。结论该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏等优点,可用于K3中AKB48的定性检验鉴定。     

多路数码管显示仿真系统懿设计与实现

文章介绍了基于单点单路I／O仿真系统的多路数码显示仿真实现的分析与设计。     

脑络欣通对大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注模型大鼠神经干细胞增殖分化的影响

目的 观察脑络欣通对大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注（middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion,MCAO-R）模型大鼠神经干细胞增殖分化的影响。方法 采用线栓法复制MCAO-R大鼠模型,将30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组和给药组。分别采用神经功能评分和TTC染色鉴定模型大鼠的神经功能缺损和脑缺血面积,采用免疫荧光染色法观察大鼠海马CA1、CA2、CA3、齿状回（dentate gyrus,DG）区巢蛋白（Nestin）和神经丝蛋白-H（hypophosphorylated neurofilament-H,NF-H）表达水平。结果 给药组Nestin阳性表达主要发生在DG区,NF-H阳性表达主要发生在CA3区。脑络欣通促进神经干细胞增殖的作用在DG、CA1、CA2、CA3区均十分明显,以DG区尤为突出,促进神经干细胞分化的作用主要表现在CA3、DG、CA2、CA1区。与模型组比较,给药组大鼠海马各区的Nestin、NF-H阳性细胞均明显增多,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 脑络欣通具有促进海马区神经干细胞增殖并分化为神经细胞的作用。     

电针激活Nrf2/HO-1通路抗帕金森病模型小鼠氧化应激的机制研究

目的 观察电针“风府”“太冲”“足三里”穴对帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)模型小鼠大脑纹状体中酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH)、核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)水平的影响,探讨电针治疗PD的可能机制。方法 将30只小鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组和电针组,每组10只。模型组、电针组小鼠按照30 mg/kg腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, MPTP)制备PD小鼠模型。电针组小鼠给予“风府”“太冲”“足三里”穴电针干预,每日1次,每次30 min,连续干预12 d。其余两组小鼠不予任何干预。采用爬杆实验和悬挂实验观察3组小鼠行为学改变,旷场实验观察小鼠自主运动总路程,免疫组织化学法检测小鼠大脑纹状体中TH表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠大脑纹状体中Nrf2、超氧...     

大鼠挫伤骨骼肌中M1/M2型巨噬细胞时间相关性研究

目的 研究大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后M1/M2型巨噬细胞浸润的动态变化规律结合组织学改变建立损伤时间推断方法.方法 建立大鼠骨骼肌挫伤模型,挫伤后6h、12h、24h、36h、48h、60h、72h、96h、144h、216h、336h为实验组,对照组不进行任何处理.采用HE染色法和免疫荧光多重染色方法观察骨骼肌挫伤后修复规律,...     

桃红四物汤中5种主要成分在脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠体内组织分布的研究

目的 研究脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠在灌胃桃红四物汤(Taohong Siwu Decoction, THSWD)后,5种主要活性成分(藁本内酯、苦杏仁苷、芍药苷、羟基红花黄色素A、阿魏酸)在体内组织分布的差异和规律。方法 采用线栓法构建大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO)模型,然后再灌注24 h建立脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型;将模型复制成功的大鼠灌胃THSWD(50 g/kg)后,于不同时间点采集组织(心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑),样品处理后采用UPLC-MS技术检测各组织中待测成分的含量。结果 各成分在模型大鼠各组织中分布广泛,在肝、肾组织中浓度较高,其中藁本内酯在脑组织中有较高浓度;苦杏仁苷在肺部具有组织分布特异性;芍药苷、羟基红花黄色素A在大鼠肝、脾、肺组织具有较高分布比例,阿魏酸在脑组织中未检出。结论 THSWD中5种主要活性成分在各组织中分布广泛,各组织不同时间点的分布趋势也存在较大差异。     

GC/MS/MS时间编程在火灾现场助燃剂检测中的应用

运用Varian SATURN2000气质联用仪通过GC/MS、GC/MS/MS、时间编程 GC/MS/MS对汽油样品进行分析比对,发现利用时间编程GC/MS/MS,对检测火灾现场残留汽油效果很好,可彻底排除样品中基体的背景干扰,大大提高检测灵敏度;同时对混合助燃剂（汽油+煤油、汽油+柴油）进行了实验探索。     

体液中氟乙酰胺SPE-GC/MS检测

目的　利用GC/MS与固相萃取 (SPE)技术相结合 ,开发血和尿样中氟乙酰胺鼠药的GC/MS定量分析新方法 ,并用于实际案例检测。方法　选择乙酰胺为内标 ,通过比较不同固相柱的萃取效率和不同条件对回收率的影响 ,优化用于血和尿样中氟乙酰胺萃取的固相柱和提取条件 ,利用氟乙酰胺与乙酰胺质谱图的分子离子峰面积之比与氟乙酰胺浓度的定量关系 ,建立血和尿样中氟乙酰胺鼠药的GC/MS定量分析新方法。结果　用硅胶柱萃取 ,峰面积之比与氟乙酰胺浓度在 5 0～ 90 μg/ml范围呈线性关系 ,检测限为 1 0 μg/ml。血样中氟乙酰胺检测的平均回收率达 91 6% ,标准偏差小于 7 3 %。结论　此法对实际样品的测定证明可满足氟乙酰胺鼠药中毒的定性定量要求。