尿中氯胺酮及其代谢物检测的研究

目的建立氯胺酮滥用者尿中氯胺酮及其代谢物检测方法。方法尿液用有机溶剂液-液萃取,气相色谱/氮磷检测器、电子捕获检测器、氢火焰检测器和气-质联用仪测定。结果确认了尿液中氯胺酮的主要代谢物,尿液中氯胺酮及去甲氯胺酮的最小检测限均为2ng/mL,脱氢去甲氯胺酮的最小检测限为5ng/mL。结论所建方法快速、灵敏、准确,能够满足氯胺酮滥用者尿液检测的需要。     

GC/MS衍生化测定精浆中游离支链氨基酸和果糖

目的 建立人精浆中支链氨基酸和果糖的气相质谱衍生化分析方法.方法 精液样本液化离心后,按精子活率的临床标准分为正常组和非正常组,经TMS微波衍生化,GC/MS分析两组支链氨基酸、果糖衍生物含量差异.结果 正常组与非正常组的缬氨酸,亮氨酸,异亮氨酸在相对含量上均有一定差异.正常组3种氨基酸相对含量高于非正常组.果糖分析观察到同样的特征,正常组相对含量高于非正常组.结论 精子活率低的精浆样本仍可检出支链氨基酸和果糖,其差异有助于无精子、少精子精斑的法医学鉴别.     

SPE-HPLC/MS/MS检验体液中赛拉嗪及DMA

目的建立了一种高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱同时测定体液中赛拉嗪及2,6-二甲基苯胺的分析方法。方法样品经HLB固相萃取柱提取净化,Waters Atlantis d C18色谱柱分离,正电离条件下进行选择监视扫描模式检测。结果方法的回收率为70.5%~79.8%,RSD为8.2%~10.5%。赛拉嗪及2,6-二甲基苯胺在血液和尿液中的检出限分别为0.4 ng/mL和0.3 ng/mL,定量限分别为1.2 ng/mL和1.0 ng/mL。结论本方法灵敏度高、特异性好、重现性好,适用于赛拉嗪中毒的血液和尿液检测。     

GC／MS同时分析头发中大麻酚类和△^9-四氢大麻酸

目的建立同时分析毛发中THC、CBN、CBD和大麻主要代谢物THC-COOH的方法.方法头发检材去污处理后,加入内标氯灭酸,经NaOH水解和正己烷:乙酸乙酯(9:1)提取,吹干后衍生化,利用GC/MS-SIM方法分析.结果THC、CBN和THC-COOH的最低检出限分别为0.01、0.05和0.01ng/mg.10例阳性头发中均检出THC成分,THC浓度范围为0J 1～8.84ng/mg,有3例未检出THC-COOH,检出者的量亦低于定量下限.结论同时分析头发中的大麻酚类和△9-四氢大麻酚是可行的,头发中THC-COOH浓度明显都低于THC浓度.     

顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法快速检测尿液中氯胺酮

目的建立快速检测吸毒人员尿液中氯胺酮的顶空固相微萃取(HS/SPME)-GC/NPD的方法。方法样品瓶中加入尿液、氢氧化钠溶液、氯化钠,在95℃下加热搅拌,用聚二甲基硅氧烷SPME萃取头(100μm)顶空萃取20min,气相色谱氮磷检测器检测,外标法定量。结果尿液中氯胺酮浓度在0.2~20.0μg/ml范围内呈现线性关系(r2=0.9965),尿液添加1.0μg氯胺酮,平均回收率102.6%,RSD=3.39%(n=7),检测限1.13ng/ml(S/N=3)。结论建立的方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确,十分适合尿液等生物检材中氯胺酮的快速定性定量分析。     

Simultaneous analysis of six amphetamines and analogues in hair, blood and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS: Application to the determination of MDMA after low Ecstasy intake

A rapid and sensitive method using LC-MS/MS triple stage quadrupole for the determination of traces of amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”), 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA), and N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (MBDB) in hair, blood and urine has been developed and validated. Chromatography was carried out on an Uptisphere ODB C₁₈ 5 μm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm column (Interchim, France) with a gradient of acetonitrile and formate 2 mM pH 3.0 buffer. Urine and blood were extracted with Toxitube A^® (Varian, France). Segmented scalp hair was treated by incubation 15 min at 80 °C in NaOH 1 M before liquid–liquid extraction with hexane/ethyl acetate (2/1, v/v). The limits of quantification (LOQ) in blood and urine were at 0.1 ng/mL for all analytes. In hair, LOQ was <5 pg/mg for MA, MDMA, MDEA and MBDB, at 14.7 pg/mg for AP and 15.7 pg/mg for MDA. Calibration curves were linear in the range 0.1–50 ng/mL in blood and urine; in the range 5–500 pg/mg for MA, MDMA, MDEA and MBDB, and 20–500 pg/mg for AP and MDA. Inter-day precisions were <13% for all analytes in all matrices. Accuracy was <20% in blood and urine at 1 and 50 ng/mL and <10% in hair at 20 and 250 pg/mg. This method was applied to the determination of MDMA in a forensic case of single administration of ecstasy to a 16-year-old female without her knowledge during a party. She suffered from hyperactivity, sweating and agitation. A first sample of urine was collected a few hours after (T + 12 h) and tested positive to amphetamines by immunoassay by a clinical laboratory. Blood and urine were sampled for forensic purposes at day 8 (D + 8) and scalp hair at day 60 (D + 60). No MDMA was detected in blood, but urine and hair were tested positive, respectively at 0.42 ng/mL and at 22 pg/mg in hair only in the segment corresponding to the period of the offence, while no MDA was detectable. This method allows the detection of MDMA up to 8 days in urine after single intake.     

The law and the sublime: Rethinking the self and its boundaries

Christine Battersby has argued that it is Kant (and not Descartes) who provides the paradigm model of what it is to be a self in modernity. The Kantian self is established in opposition to its other. The body is commonly envisaged as a container, with selfhood as something that is defended against the outside. In contrast, she proposes a feminist reworking of such a model of selfhood, applicable to both men and women, in which the self and other emerge over time through patterns of relationality. This paper introduces Battersby’s work by focusing upon her early analysis of Kantian aesthetics, in particular the sublime. The aim is to draw out some of the legal and political implications of her work, particularly with regard to the common law’s developing conception of privacy. This is carried out by distinguishing her ontological position from the psychology of Carol Gilligan and then by considering the overlapping concerns of Jennifer Nedelsky in the area of legal theory.

SPE-GC／MS检测生物样品中利多卡因、罗哌卡因、布比卡因

目的建立生物样品中利多卡因、罗哌卡因、布比卡因的固相萃取提取方法和气质检测方法。方法采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱,以GC／MS定性定量。结果生物样品中利多卡因、罗哌卡因、布比卡因平均萃取回收率达74％以上,检测限0．01μg／mL,线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0．9900以上。结论方法操作简便快速,萃取回收率高,重现性好,可用于实际案件。     

《鹿特丹规则》下无单放货解决机制：从凭保函放货到凭指示放货

《鹿特丹规则》对无单放货问题设计了新的解决机制，通过使特定条件下的无单放货合法化，试图减轻承运人的负担，平衡船货双方的利益。采取规范分析的方法，对这一机制进行解构，论述其给各当事方的法律地位所带来的变化，认为对现有制度进行改良可能是更好的选择。     

Economic Reform and Social Change in China: Past, Present, and Future of the Economic State

China's socioeconomic crisis before 1978 and its success over the past two decades can be viewed as a zigzag process of politicization and depoliticization of the economic state. By summarizing the Chinese experience, this article shows the importance of a specific pattern of general public policy (GPP) in determining the nature of a policy system. China's economic and serialized reforms since 1978 are reviewed in order to illuminate the current situation and future direction of the nation. The changes have undermined the economic state by creating a trend of de-economicization in the Chinese government. If economic reform and social change are to continue smoothly, another transfer of state emphasis to more balanced development is required.