中国金融法律体系如何适应WTO规则

中国金融法律体系与WTO规则存在着诸多脱节 ,中国金融立法任务更加艰巨、繁重。建立和完善现代金融法律体系是中国面临的一个重大课题。中国金融业在融入国际金融主流中能否经得起考验 ,关键要看中国金融法治化的实现程度。     

Livestock livelihoods compromised: the dilemma of the Fast Track Land Reform and Resettlement Programme in Matabeleland South,Zimbabwe

This article attempts to unravel the rubric of livestock rearing in Southern Matabeleland in the aftermath of the Fast Track Land Reform and Resettlement Programme (FTLRRP). It also shows how livestock rearing has been placed high in livelihood rankings in this region. The article is based on a detailed ethnographic study of the impact of the FTLRRP in the decade 2000 to 2010 in Gwanda and Umzingwane districts, and is an extract of my PHD thesis entitled ‘Visible hectares, Vanishing livelihoods’. The broad argument of the thesis is that the land reform programme has achieved change of commercial land ownership patterns from ‘white’ to ‘black’ Zimbabweans. The programme however has not coupled that with the support necessary to improve the livelihoods of the majority of people in the region. One of the impediments is that the state-crafted ‘one size fits all’ resettlement model failed to take cognisance of the socio-economic and ecological conditions of different provinces in the country. Hence the argument in this article is that the FTLRRP could have improved livelihoods of people in this region if livestock rearing was given priority and support by the state.     

辨析三机关互相制约和检察监督引发的几点思考

制约和监督是限制国家权力的两种方式.刑事诉讼是强大的国家向孤立的个人发动的一场追诉活动,运行其中的国家权力应当受到限制.作为刑事诉讼基本原则的三机关互相制约和检察监督,是刑事诉讼中有中国特色的限制国家权力方式,两者存在本质区别.检察机关对未生效裁判的抗诉不属于检察监督范畴.我国应当赋予人民法院对检察机关提起公诉以独立的司法审查权.     

我国土地调控失灵的制度经济分析

中国城市化发展的直接后果就是大量农用地转化为非农用地,耕地资源日益减少.对此,中央政府加强了土地调控力度,严格保护土地资源.但地方政府有与中央不同的目标,而现有的土地产权制度为地方政府规避中央的调控政策提供了可能性.在梳理现代产权理论的基础上,深入剖析了土地产权的三重分割问题,即土地国有和"全民所有"的分割,所有者与管理者的分割,以及中央政府与地方政府的分割.地方政府实际上获得了管理和经营土地资源的直接权力,而又无需承担相应的长期后果.这一方面激励地方政府超常经营土地的行为,形成所谓"土地财政"现象;另一方面造成土地保护陷入集体行动困境.由于土地管制和市场调节双重失灵,尽管中央政府不断收紧土地闸门和信贷闸门,对土地开发市场的调控效果仍不明显,土地资源的低效率运用未见实质性改观,耕地保护压力仍然很大.     

关于城乡结合部土地资源的整合利用

城镇化是现代经济社会发展的必然趋势,土地资源作为稀缺资源,在城镇化发展中会涉及土地资源利用问题。目前在我国城乡结合部存在着土地资源紧张、交易市场较混乱,土地产权关系较模糊、资源配置欠科学,土地过度开发使生态环境恶化等问题。因此,在城镇化过程中合理利用土地资源,加强城乡结合部土地开发利用的法制管理;强化珍惜土地资源的观念,大力推进城乡结合部土地的科学利用;促进城乡结合部的生态环境建设;完善城乡结合部土地利用规划管理制度,从而促进城乡发展一体化的实现。     

Land grabbing or economic development? A modernisation debate enacted on Bugala Island,Uganda

ABSTRACT

Globally, the phenomenon of large-scale land leasing, or ‘land grabbing’, is the subject of increasing concern. At the heart of the criticism of this phenomenon is the debate over the most appropriate methods of achieving economic development within the context of a rapidly globalising world. This paper analyzes the process and outcomes of establishing an oil palm plantation on Bugala Island, Uganda. The author asserts that tensions over land use within Uganda reflect incompatible understandings of the relations between land and society and distrust amongst stakeholders. In this case, in spite of these incompatibilities and distrust, the plantation has resulted in positive results for both local land users and the national economy. Yet at the same time, it demonstrates a traditional approach to land use that ignores past injustice and does not recognise power differentials.     

从审管分离到审管协同的逻辑与优化路径——对审管互动关系的分析

中国的审管关系正在从分散审批走向集中审批,从审批监管一体化走向审批监管相对分离,从以前置审批为中心走向以事中事后监管为重心。在审管关系转型时期,观察Y市设置行政审批服务局的改革实践,发现审管分离并不会自然地向审管协同的良性互动转变。本文以审管互动关系为研究对象,基于组织理论,按照目的、干预、组织环境对审管分离之后推进审管互动进行演进分析和逻辑解释。在等级科层制的现代政府中,审管分离之后的利益与目的走向分化,出现部门理性和整体理性的背离,而权力(权威)协调和信息联通是实现政府组织一致化理性的工具,审管互动的具体组织形态及其运作方式与所在环境密切关联。为推进审管协同,需要在动力、机制、信息、文化等方面优化路径。     

违法宣传超声刀医疗美容引发的监管思考

超声刀在美国作为医疗器械管理,但在我国尚未纳入医疗器械且未准入其进口。上海市卫生行政部门以违法宣传的医疗服务项目为切入点,查处使用超声刀开展医疗美容的超范围诊疗行为,采取多维度惩戒手段,起到了良好的威慑、警示作用。市场监督管理部门、卫生行政部门、网络信息主管部门应当齐抓共管、综合执法,进一步提升整治效果。     

Decolonisation and comparative land reform with a special focus on Africa

Abstract

One of the principles guiding the establishment of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963 was the need to eradicate colonialism and to ensure the total emancipation of African territories and its peoples. The African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights adopted in 1981 grants all peoples the right to self-determination, through which to freely determine their political status and pursue their social and economic development. The last two African countries to gain independence from apartheid and white minority rule, namely Namibia and South Africa, have taken different approaches to land and tenure reform. The year 2013 marked 100 years since the enactment of the Natives Land Act 27 of 1913 in South Africa that led to the indigenous majority population having access to only 13% of the land while the white minority had access to 87% of the land. The year 1913 is also the current cut-off point for recognising land claims. The South African government has recently taken initiatives aimed at improving the pace of land reform, which currently stand at 5% of the land being transferred to black South Africans against a target of delivering 30% by 2014. While the government has called for patience in this regard, some urgent intervention is required, lest South Africans lose patience and undertake land invasions on a sustained basis.     

Gender Differences in Land Inheritance,Schooling and Lifetime Income: Evidence from the Rural Philippines

This article examines the difference in lifetime incomes arising from parental preferences in the allocation of land inheritance and investments in schooling between sons and daughters in the rural Philippines. Sons are preferred with respect to land inheritance, receiving 0.15 additional hectares of land, while daughters are treated more favourably in schooling investments, receiving 1.5 more years of schooling. However, differences in both current and life-cycle incomes between sons and daughters are insignificant. This suggests that Filipino parents allocate intergenerational transfers to equalise incomes among their children, without sacrificing efficiency.