中国共产党历次代表大会关于农民问题的理论与政策述论

中国共产党历次代表大会的政治报告和决议中,有关农民问题的理论与政策主要经历了三个发展阶段。新民主主义革命时期,一大至七大报告以"耕地农有"的土地改革纲领动员农民投身革命;社会主义建设时期,八大至十一大报告着力维护并强化统购统销、农业集体化和户籍制度三位一体的城乡二元体制,以汲取工业化建设所需的资金;改革开放新时期,十二大至十八大报告推行一系列对农村的"少取"、"多予"政策,逐步破除城乡二元体制,极大地减轻农民负担并逐步改善农村民生,为全面建成小康社会奠定了坚实的基础。     

精神病人强制医疗程序立法之不足与完善

2012年新《刑事诉讼法》在第四章中规定了对依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的强制医疗程序,该规定在很大程度上弥补了《刑法》第18条有关精神病人强制医疗仅有实体法规定但欠缺程序法规范的不足。同时,强制医疗司法化的转变也更有利于兼顾精神病人的权益及社会的公共安全。但是,强制医疗程序在适用对象、决定权的归属、权利救济、检察监督等诸多细节方面尚有待更明确的界定和完善。     

美国上市公司私募的法律监管

美国上市公司私募是私募发行与公开市场相结合的一种融资制度,其基础制度来源是美国证券注册制度以及在注册制度基础之上形成的私募发行制度。正是这两种制度的＂融合＂构架了美国上市公司私募的整个规则框架,使得上市公司私募的法律监管呈现出既不同于公募发行,也有别于普通私募发行监管的特点。在近几年的美国市场中,对冲基金的广泛参与推动了上市公司私募的发展,同时也带来了一些新的监管性问题;美国监管机构针对这种变化适时调整了相关监管策略,加强了对这类交易的监管力度。     

Counting homeless persons with surveys of users of services for the homeless

Abstract

Because of their comparative economy, the most commonly used methods for counting the homeless focus on users of shelters, food lines, health clinics for the homeless, and other services for the homeless. This paper argues that surveys restricted to shelter users are of limited usefulness, but that joint surveys of food‐line, shelter, and clinic users include very substantial proportions of the homeless in many communities. Such comprehensive surveys can provide an accurate basis for research on the homeless in communities with reasonably capacious service systems. The reliability of such surveys has grown as service systems for the homeless have improved. Groups of the homeless that tend to be missed in service user surveys include homeless youths on their own as well as substantial portions of the rural homeless population and of the doubled‐up or institutionalized homeless populations. Surveys of homeless persons sleeping in known places “on the streets” can be used to supplement surveys of service users. Research in Colorado suggests that such supplemental surveys of the street population provide a practical basis for comprehensive estimates of the homeless street population.     

药食同源食品监管的法律依据探讨

我国中医药理论有药食同源的特点，我国也有将药食同源物质用于保健食品生产加工的传统。近年来，我国保健食品行业发展迅猛，但是关于保健食品的法律规制却滞后于快速发展的市场，导致对本行业的监管存在盲点。通过案例分析和理论思考，辨析药食同源食品的属性，明晰药食同源食品监管的法律依据，希望对净化保健食品市场，合理界定各相关执法部门的监管职责，也为依法行政提供一定的借鉴。     

Global resource grabs,agribusiness concentration and the smallholder: two West African case studies

This paper places land grabbing within the context of developments within agribusiness within the last 30 years, tracing the various trajectories of increasing competition and concentration and pressures on commodity prices that have resulted in increasing dispossession of smallholders and a move in some agri-food chains towards large estate production. The paper explores the ways in which contemporary agricultural policies and neoliberal market reforms reflect these developments and examines recent framing of land policies in Africa in the context of the development of agrarian capital and agribusiness. Competitiveness results in dispossession of less successful smallholders from below by commercial smallholders, and from above by large estates vertically integrated into agribusiness marketing chains. This is illustrated with examples from the cocoa sector in Côte d'Ivoire and pineapples in Ghana.     

我国现行党内监督机构运行模式探析

我国现行的党内监督机构运行模式是在超越中国传统的运行模式,吸收与借鉴西方执政党党内监督机构运行模式的优秀成果,推动党内监督的制度化、程序化、规范化的基础上形成的。我国现行党内监督机构运行模式的特点表现为以民主集中制原则为基础、以党内专门监督机关为核心、以各级领导班子主要负责人为关键,多元监督、开放式监督。现阶段党内监督尚存在诸多问题与不足,必须积极探索新形势下优化党内监督机构运行模式的新思路。     

论西北欠发达地区农村土地流转制度的完善

在我国现有的农村土地流转制度中,无论是国家层面还是地方层面都存在着诸多不完善之处,且在发达地区与欠发达地区之间也存在较大差异。在目前条件下,应该对西北欠发达地区土地流转制度给予必要的反思,并就西北欠发达地区土地流转制度的完善提出相应的建议。     

The management and supervision of Approved Social Workers: Aspects of law,policy and practice

This article reports on the first extensive survey of Approved Social Worker (ASW) activity in Northern Ireland. It begins with a review of literature that identifies the complexity of legal and professional functions expected of ASWs, in the context of mental health legislation in the UK. Findings include high levels of perceived competence reported by practitioners, but diversity in the management of the service, and some problems in multi-disciplinary working. The emergency, out-of-hours duty teams in which many ASWs were employed appeared to vary in organization and operation. Service users and carers were generally dissatisfied with the responses to crisis services and appealed for adequately funded community supports. At a time when the review of the Mental Health (England and Wales) Act, 1983, is taking place, the authors suggest that ASWs can still perform an important statutory role, on condition that there is a more consistent approach to training, re-approval and funding of community-based services.     

新建本科院校教材管理策略及实践--以四川大学锦江学院为例

新建本科院校在教材管理上存在制度不完善，管理人员业务素质有待提高等问题。四川大学锦江学院教材管理的实践经验是：提升教材管理人员的业务素质、优化高校教材管理模式、完善教材管理系统开发、完善教材评估体系。