A practical analysis of shared‐appreciation mortgages

Abstract

When the development of large‐scale public housing projects was discontinued in the 1970s in both Canada and the United States, the policy response was very different. This article reviews the nature of the dissimilar low‐income housing policy paths, documenting the role of federal housing policy in the evolution of a significant nonprofit “third sector” in Canada's housing system; the decision of the U.S. federal government to rely on the private sector for subsidized rental supply; and, with very little help from the federal government, the ‘bottom‐up” attempt to develop a nonprofit housing sector in communities throughout the United States. In Canada, a permanent stock of good‐quality, nonprofit social housing was created along with a growing and increasingly competent community‐based housing development sector.

The Canadian experience demonstrates that it takes time to build the capacity of the nonprofit sector. The U.S. experience demonstrates that there is a great deal of community‐based talent ready and willing to provide nonprofit housing if reliable and adequate funding is available. Canada has made outstanding progress relative to the United States in the area of affordable housing supply, creating yet another small but significant difference in the quality of life for lower income households. The general Canadian approach to consistent national support of nonprofit and cooperative housing can be applied in the United States. Canada's relative success is not based on unique structural or systemic differences—that is, it is a matter of political choice and political will. The United States should look to Canada's 20‐year experience to determine whether some of the mechanisms used to support Canada's nonprofit sector might be transferable to the United States.     

The resolution trust corporation in historical perspective

Abstract

This paper contrasts the asset disposition challenges facing the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) with similar challenges that faced two earlier government agencies: the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) and the Federal Asset Disposition Association (FADA).

The paper first compares the quantity and diversity of RTC assets with the somewhat fewer but more uniform assets (one‐ to four‐family homes) sold by the HOLC. The FADA's challenge was quite modest compared with the RTC and the HOLC. The paper then contrasts current RTC policy issues with those that arose with the HOLC and the FADA. The paper does not, however, make specific policy recommendations.     

所有权与风险转移制度在国际货物买卖中的可能性分析

国际货物买卖说到底是为了实现国际货物所有权的转移,然而目前国际公约和惯例却都回避了对所有权转移做出的规定,而仅对国际货物风险转移进行了详细而明显的规定。本文对所有权和风险该在何时进行转移,国际上对此都有哪些规定,以及是否存在构建国际统一的货物所有权转移制度的可能性进行分析。     

农民问题的解决：大国现代化的必由之路——英、法、美、俄的历史分析

农民问题在资产阶级革命中占有极其重要的地位。从农业社会向工业社会过渡,农民必须接受“改造”,以便融入新社会。农民问题的解决取决于土地再分配的形式。英国、法国、美国和俄罗斯在这方面都走过了不同的道路,并对这些国家的现代化产生了很大的影响。随着农民的涌入大城市,城市化遂成为一种常见的现象,我们必须采取强有力的措施,以阻止它的某些消极后果在中国出现。     

证券投资基金模式演变的几个理论解释

一百多年来,证券投资基金不断得到发展,基金形式也从早期单一的封闭式基金演变成为开放式基金占主导.本文试从科斯的交易成本理论、委托代理理论和契约理论来对这种演变进行解释.     

土地革命时期张闻天对游击战争的认识

在领导苏区革命实践的基础上,在中共党内正确主张的影响下,张闻天逐渐在游击战争的战术形式、政治功能、战略地位等关键问题上抛弃了教条主义和主观主义的错误。张闻天对游击战争的思考和认识,不仅是自己纠正＂左倾＂错误的过程,还对长征期间红军的革命斗争具有重要的指导意义,而且为中共中央探索抗日游击战争问题提供了理论支持。作为中共马克思主义中国化的有机组成部分,张闻天对游击战争的思考和认识成为毛泽东军事思想的重要组成部分。     

农村集体成员权的界定

农村集体成员权是基于农村集体经济组织成员身份而享有的一项特殊权利。在城市化进程中,土地补偿费等涉及农村集体成员资格及农村土地利益分配问题日益凸现,成为各方关注的焦点。合理界定农村集体成员资格,保障其合法的土地权益,需要从立法、体制、司法等方面加以完善,转变所有制实现形式,使农村集体土地收益在合理的范围内进行有效分配。     

国际机制在东亚货币合作中的效用性问题

在国际经济体系中,有效的国际制度安排将引起行为体的利益追求以及行为体之间的互动关系发生变化,以致国际关系行为体将在多大程度上遵守国际机制的约束。东亚区域合作具有非正规化、非制度化等特点,东亚货币合作中的机制规范并非完全以制度的形式确定下来。东亚货币合作中的机制属性主要体现在一系列双边和多边的协议中,并且是以基础的机制层次如区域性危机防范、救援机制等为发展点。由于这些发展点具备了机制属性,国际机制在东亚货币合作中的效用性便应得到更多的关注,以使得东亚货币合作能被更好地加以规范和引导。     

我国开征环境保护税的基本构思

生态环境的日益恶化已严重制约我国经济的发展,运用税收手段保护环境、治理污染在我国已有20余年的历史,但现行税制中有关保护环境的税种不够完善,缺乏针对性。应借鉴发达国家环保税制的成功经验,设计我国环保税的基本框架,完善税制,充分发挥税收的宏观调控作用。     

土地征收补偿制度研究

土地征收补偿存在诸多问题 ,可借鉴国外经验 ,对补偿主体和权利人、补偿标准和范围、补偿方式和程序进行研究 ,并加强关于土地征收补偿制度的相关立法