我国执行救助制度的构建

执行救助是在民事执行过程中,确因客观原因,申请执行人的债权尚未实现,且其生活又特别困难时,由法院提供一定物质帮助的救济行为。它受到中央和最高人民法院的热切关注。但是,国家层面的统一制度尚未形成。目前的执行救助主要是各地各级地方法院试点实践的产物,可谓五彩缤纷,形态各异。为了切实保障申请执行人生存权,实现社会和谐,长治久安,亟需构建统一、明确的执行救助国家制度。近年以来的司法实践,为该项制度的构建,廓清了理论基础和价值目标。在此基点上,分析目前执行救助存在的问题,归纳共通的救助范围、对象、程序和具体措施,乃是构建我国统一执行救助制度的理想途径。     

Searching for Livelihood Security: Land and Mobility in Burkina Faso

The incremental approach to land reform in sub-Saharan Africa constitutes a rapprochement between proponents of the introduction of private property regimes and their critics. The incrementalists recognise that local tenure regimes can change and that they should be the basis of any land-reform programme. This article argues that an important gap remains with regard to the dynamics of tenure arrangements observed in a highly insecure environment, because the incremental approach retains a western-type of tenure security as its ultimate goal. Geographic mobility of actors and fields is essential to the protection of livelihoods in the north-central region of Burkina Faso. This mobility not only is made possible by the prevailing land tenure regime but also underpins its flexibility and allows the merging and shifting of rights. All of this argues against the establishment of western-type tenure security and in favour of the maintenance of flexible resource tenure regimes - a model discussed in recent years in relation to pastoral land use in drylands. This would have the additional advantage of integrating understandings of, and approaches to, pastoralists' and crop-farmers' land use in regions where these population groups already intermingle.     

Shareholder value and Financialization: consultancy promises,management moves

In the pages of the daily financial press, 'shareholder value' is a loose rhetoric. For business consultants who sell financial metrics and implementation, shareholder value is also a product and a promise that purposive management action will be rewarded. This paper begins by considering the consultant's promise and the more guarded academic responses. It then presents empirics on micro performance and the meso limits to shareholder value and argues that most corporate managements cannot easily deliver what consultants promise and the capital markets demand. The paper ends by taking a broader view of value-based management as part of a process of financialization. If the results are contradictory and disappointing, a persistent gap between expectations and outcomes can nevertheless drive management behaviours, which change the world.     

The Tax Reform Agenda in Australia

This paper applies concepts developed in the Policy Agendas Project (PAP) literature to an analysis of Australian tax policy over the post war period. It argues that a major turning point in the Australian tax policy agenda occurred during the second term of the Hawke Government (1984‐87). Beyond this turning point, and despite the fierce partisan conflict concerning tax policy over the past two decades, there has been remarkaly little difference between Australia's two major parties at the level of substantive policy content. The Australian tax policy agenda over the post war period can be characterised by remarkable policy continuity punctuated by a period of change in the mid 1980s when structural change in the international political economy precipitated unprecedented domestic liberalisation.     

土地开发增值收益分配制度的法理基础

土地开发权的性质是公权力,其基本内容是土地用途管制和规划管理,土地开发权决定土地资源的初始配置,它是土地资源市场配置的基础。土地利用的公法调整是私法调整的基础。土地开发权是产生土地开发增值收益的决定因素,这是构建和完善土地开发增值收益分配制度的法理基础。国家应当以土地管理者身份参与土地开发增值收益的初次分配和二次分配,以实现土地开发增值收益社会分享的政策目标。作为土地所有权人的国家和集体以及其他民事权利主体,依据民事权利参与土地开发增值收益的初次分配。     

Introduction: The OECD and Policy Transfer: Comparative Case Studies

Abstract

The six articles in this issue examine the role of the OECD in policy transfer. Two articles (Kudrle on international tax agreements, and Legrand and Vas on Australia’s vocational and educational training policy) conclude that the OECD has been influential, albeit in a grinding and lengthy way. Two others (Clifton on the OECD’s “enhanced engagement” policy with five G-20 countries, and Eccleston and Woodward on tax transparency) find the OECD’s influence either patchier or even dysfunctional. Carroll’s article provides a novel analysis of policy transfer through accession processes, while Alasuutari explores transfer in terms of a comparative analysis of policy rationalizations that refer to the OECD as a “standard.” A common theme of all six articles is the way in which policy transfer is driven by exogenous pressures and crises, and how international governmental organizations like the OECD exploit these pressures to protect and expand their global relevance.     

对审判管辖中级别管辖的反思

审判管辖中的级别管辖解决的是上下级法院在受理第一审刑事案件上的权限划分。现行刑事诉讼法的级别管辖制度存在一些现实的缺陷,具体表现为管辖的标准过于抽象、客观上导致中国被告人和外国被告人诉讼地位的不平等以及法院的功能过于复杂。有许多学者和专家也提出了一些不同的修改意见,其中认为取消最高人民法院的一审管辖权是十分恰当的,对中级人民法院管辖的判处无期徒刑或者死刑的标准应当以法定刑格来确定。     

我国刑事诉讼中亲属拒证权制度的缺失与构建

亲属拒证权作为拒证权制度的一种,是亲属关系证据规则的重要组成部分,蕴涵着法律人文关怀、诉讼利益权衡、公民权利彰显的内在价值。我国刑事诉讼法应确立亲属拒证权制度,明确规定亲属拒证权的主体范围、拒证事项及其例外情况,并将告知申请程序、审核程序、救济程序、放弃权利程序作为程序设计予以构建。     

农户兼业化与农村土地制度变迁——基于家庭内部分工的分析框架及政策含义

基于家庭内部分工的框架,将农户看作两个人的生产系统,讨论了家庭内部分工与专业化对农村土地流转、土地调整两个重要制度变量的影响,研究了农户兼业化对土地制度选择的意愿及其对中国农村土地制度变迁的政策意义.Probit模型的计量结果表明,农民家庭内部分工降低了土地流转意愿;在家庭人地比的一定范围内农户响应人地比例的变动而选择土地流转的意愿比土地调整要更为强烈.研究的结论是,男性和女性人力资本在非农就业的差异,以及兼业农户没有降低农业产出的效率特征,决定了具有比较优势的分工使兼业农户不会轻易放弃土地承包权;分工经济使农民对现有土地家庭承包制的利用程度的重要性超过土地流转制度创新的潜在利润,农户的反应倾向于选择土地流转应对稀缺的土地要素禀赋对土地调整的压力;农户的制度选择意愿在一定程度上受家庭内部分工预期收益所左右,形成了制度变迁的路径依赖和锁入效应.     

价值理性和工具理性视角下当代中国民主建设解析

民主的价值理性和工具理性可以取得理论上的和谐统合.然而,在民主实践中工具理性的张扬往往导致民主的价值理性遭受侵犯.表现在当代中国民主建设中即为工具理性和价值理性之间某种程度的冲突.在波澜壮阔的世界民主潮流中,中国应当顺应民主发展的趋势,转变侧重工具理性的民主观念,实现两种理性的平衡统一.