A Tale of Two Debtors: Responding to the Shock of Over‐Indebtedness in France and England – a Story from the Trente Piteuses

England and France have developed distinct treatment systems to address the shock of a substantial increase in over‐indebted individuals since the mid‐1980s. In France, Over‐Indebtedness Commissions, with the Bank of France playing a central role in their management, now dominate the system. A more fragmented system of private and public providers of remedies developed in England, with innovation driven by private actors modifying existing commercial procedures and increased access to bankruptcy relief a side‐effect of government promotion of entrepreneurialism. This article explains the differences between these countries in terms of the influence of interest groups, including state actors, and ideologies. Historical contingency also plays a role. The distinct responses were not hard‐wired to legal origins and the article argues that analysis of the interaction of interest groups, state actors and ideology in shaping institutions, which in turn structure future change, provides a productive approach for future comparative research in this area.     

The Territorial Scope of Employment Legislation and Choice of Law

Traditionally, the determination of the territorial scope of the statutory rights conferred by employment legislation forming part of English law has been regarded as an issue entirely disconnected from the choice‐of‐law process. Indeed, this view formed the basis of the key decision addressing the problem of territoriality, Lawson v Serco, decided by the House of Lords in 2006. After presenting the current state of the law with regard to the territorial scope of employment legislation, this article takes a critical look at Lawson v Serco. It is argued that the ‘European’ choice‐of‐law rules must have a greater importance for determining the territorial scope of employment legislation and, consequently, that the approach pursued in Lawson v Serco is no longer correct, if it ever was, and should not be followed in the future.     

Data attack of the cybercriminal: Investigating the digital currency of cybercrime

It is increasingly argued that the primary motive of the cybercriminal and the major reason for the continued growth in cyber attacks is financial gain. In addition to the direct financial impact of cybercrime, it can also be argued that the digital data and the information it represents that can be communicated through the Internet, can have additional intrinsic value to the cybercriminal. In response to the perceived value and subsequent demand for illicit data, a sophisticated and self-sufficient underground digital economy has emerged. The aim of this paper is to extend the author’s earlier research that first introduced the concept of the Cybercrime Execution Stack by examining in detail the underlying data objectives of the cybercriminal. Both technical and non-technical law enforcement investigators need the ability to contextualise and structure the illicit activities of the cybercriminal, in order to communicate this understanding amongst the wider law enforcement community. By identifying the potential value of electronic data to the cybercriminal, and discussing this data in the context of data collection, data supply and distribution, and data use, demonstrates the relevance and advantages of utilising an objective data perspective when investigating cybercrime.     

法律趋同视角下的欧盟统一公司立法研究

欧盟统一公司立法创设了超国家层面的商事主体——欧洲公司和欧洲私人公司;资本制度更自由,公司治理更灵活,促进了各成员国公司法制度的趋同。统一公司立法也受制于各国的法律传统、利益集团和路径依赖等因素。欧盟成员国包括了大陆法系和英美法系国家,其公司立法的成果与争议,反映了两大法系公司法制度融合与竞争的发展趋势,值得在我国《公司法》修改完善中加以借鉴。     

知识产权保护中“两法衔接”机制研究

我国知识产权是双元保护体制,行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接,有利于知识产权的保护。在知识产权"两法衔接"的实体问题方面,应完善移送标准的认定,正确计算侵权物品的案值,准确界定移送案由。在知识产权"两法衔接"的程序方面,应完善证据的转化规则,规范案件的审查期限,把握适当的移送时机,统一案件移送后的主管机构,强化检察机关的监督职能。     

论行政法领域的类推适用

成文法有其自身局限,其外延与内涵均无法避免缺陷。司法实践证明,行政法上的漏洞是客观存在的,以类推适用填补漏洞有其正当性。法律保留原则并未全面排斥行政法上的类推适用,基本权利保障原则更是要求行政法上的类推适用,行政法领域的类推适用不应绝对地否定。行政法上类推适用的范围受法律保留原则的拘束,在允许类推适用范围内,行政法领域的类推适用应具备其特定条件,并应从制度上予以规范和制约,以防止其滥用。     

法治政府指标评估体系研究

法治作为一种治国方略已深得人心,法治政府作为一种社会实践正如火如荼。但何为看得见、摸得着的法治政府,似乎遥不可及,法治政府指标评估体系正是适应这一形势需要而产生。法治政府指标评估体系的基本理论是什么,如何将其置于现实的法治实践中进行考察,如何建立一套科学而合理的法治政府指标评估体系?用比较法学、实证法学等研究方法就这些基本问题进行探讨,是有益的尝试。     

《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》第25条分析

《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》的颁行改变了《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》实施期间的法律关系主体结构,政府作为征收一方直接与被征收人发生法律联系。该条例第25条所规定的房屋征收补偿协议宜认定为行政合同,该条第2款有关规定实质上设立了一种新的行政合同履行纠纷的解决方式。不过,该条规定的实施受到了现行《行政诉讼法》的限制。新的行政合同履行纠纷解决方式是否真正建立,有待进一步论证。     

区分扩张解释与类推适用的路径新探

如何区分扩张解释与类推解释,是贯彻罪刑法定原则的客观需要。本文主张以"刑法正文"———"体系化的文义",作为区分扩张解释与类推适用的标准。在刑法正文范围内揭示需要解释事项的体系化文义的,是解释;反之,是类推。与"字面含义"、"真实含义"、"通常含义"、"可能具有的含义"等概念不同的是,"刑法正文"是一个结构性概念,表现为从"点"到"面"再到法律体系之整"体",它首先着眼于某一个具体的刑法分则条文,并进一步地关注与这一分则条文具有密切联系的若干个分则条文,然后是刑法分则以至整部刑法,乃至于整个法律体系范围内,发现待解释事项的"体系化的文义"。     

基于我国石油安全问题的战略对策

石油资源是不可再生的耗竭性资源,对经济社会的发展具有重要的战略意义。由于我国对石油资源的依赖程度不断加大,因而如何使石油资源得到"可持续"利用就成了迫在眉睫的问题。我国经济的持续快速增长增加了石油供需的矛盾,石油安全问题日益凸显。因此,我国要及时采取措施,积极面对石油安全问题,并且把石油安全提高到一定的战略高度。