Evaluation of a Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction Method for the Analysis of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris

The chemical analysis of fire debris represents a crucial part in fire investigations to determine the cause of a fire. A headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) procedure for the detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris using a fiber coated with a mixture of three different sorbent materials (Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane, DVB/CAR/PDMS) is described. Gasoline and diesel fuel were spiked upon a preburnt matrix (wood charcoal), extracted and concentrated with HS‐SPME and then analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The experimental conditions—extraction temperature, incubation and exposure time—were optimized. To assess the applicability of the method, fire debris samples were prepared in the smoke density chamber (SDC) and a controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter. The developed methods were successfully applied to burnt particleboard and carpet samples. The results demonstrate that the procedure that has been developed here is suitable for detecting these ignitable liquids in highly burnt debris.     

A Radiographic Study on the Utility of Cranial Vault Outlines for Positive Identifications

A standard method for positive identification is the use of antemortem and postmortem radiographic comparisons. The purpose of this research is to test the visual accuracy of antemortem and postmortem radiographic comparisons of cranial vault outlines and to evaluate their uniqueness using geometric morphometric methods. A sample of 106 individuals with varying levels of education and forensic case experience participated in a visual accuracy test. Of the 106 individuals, only 42% correctly assigned all of the radiographs, with accuracy rates ranging from 70 to 93% for each radiographic comparison. Vault shape was further examined using elliptic Fourier analysis, and paired t‐tests were computed on the first 10 principal components accounting for 100% of the variance, which found no significant differences. The visual accuracy test and elliptic Fourier analysis shows that vault outlines may not be unique enough for positive identifications when used as a sole indicator.     

Rethinking the one-stop-shop mechanism: Legal certainty and legitimate expectation

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion concerning the one-stop-shop mechanism proposed in the General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter “GDPR”). The choice of regulation as the instrument to legislate on data protection is already an unmistakable indication that unification and simplification (together with respect of data subjects' interests) shall be the guide for every legal discussion on the matter. The one-stop-shop mechanism (hereinafter “OSS”) clearly reflects the unification and simplification which the reform aims for. We believe that OSS is logically connected with the idea of one Data Protection Authority (hereinafter “DPA”) with an exclusive jurisdiction and that this can only mean that, given one controller, no other DPA can be a competent authority.² In other words, OSS implies a single and comprehensive competent authority of a given controller. In our analysis we argue that such architecture: a) works well with the “consistency mechanism”; b) provides guarantees to data subjects for a clear allocation of powers (legal certainty); and c) is not at odds with the complaint lodging procedure. Our position on fundamental questions is as follows. What is the perimeter of competence of the DPA in charge? We believe that it should have enforcement power on every issue of the controller, including issuing the fines. How to reconcile such dominant role of one DPA with the principle of co-operation among DPAs? We do not consider co-operation at odds with the rule that decisions are taken by just one single authority. Finally, we share some suggestions on how to make the jurisdiction allocation mechanism (the main establishment criterion) more straightforward.     

苏州7例杀婴案法医学分析

目的探讨和总结杀婴案的主要特征、法医学检验重点和命案现场分析要点。方法收集2008—2013年苏州市发生的7例已破杀婴案的有关资料。分析并归纳其特点。结果杀婴案嫌疑人均为受害人母亲,年龄较轻,多为未婚先孕;均为分娩后杀婴,分娩现场与杀人现场为同一地点;死亡新生儿多为机械性窒息,尸体多无衣着包裹,脐带非医源性离断,胎盘未与死亡新生儿连接。结论杀婴案法医学检验的规范化、标准化和程序化有助于案件的分析和侦破工作。     

胚胎的法律属性及其处置规则刍议简

随着人工辅助生育技术的日益普及,实践中出现了一些涉及胚胎的法律问题,问题的解决需要首先厘清胚胎的法律属性,再确定胚胎的处置规则。本文在分析相应法律规范、制度、案例的基础上,结合比较法和实践研究,对以上问题进行初步探讨,提出了胚胎的法律定位应界定为＂中介＂,在处置规则上应考虑生育行为的社会属性、未成年人利益及利益均衡,以不允许单方处置为原则。     

医疗行为中医务人员“意思表示”的法律效力分析

“意思表示”是医务人员在医疗行为过程中将其期望发生某种法律效果的内心意思以一定方式表现于外部的行为,是医疗行为的核心内容。针对当前临床医疗实践中医务人员意思表示的具体情况,本文分析了医务人员“意思表示”的构成要素、表示形式及法律效力,尤其是具体分析了意思表示不真实情况下医疗行为的法律效力,对医院规范管理医务人员的医疗行为具有一定的积极意义。     

实验室信息管理系统在毒品检测实验室的应用

介绍了一种基于计算机数据库平台的实验室信息管理系统（Laboratory Information Management System,简称LIMS）为平台的毒品检测工作的质量保证体系,将毒品检测工作的一般流程和LIMS的基本功能结合,制作建立在LIMS体系架构下的每个流程的交互界面和监控程序.实现了毒品实验室的样品管理、样品状态监控、数据的录入和采集、样品分析、工作流程管理、报告的审核和发布等信息管理功能.通过在毒品检测实验室建立LIMS,充分辅助了实验室的质量管理工作,有效减少了管理工作量,使实验室工作更高效、准确和规范.     

事实认定的概率分析

根据概率分析所涉及证据数量的不同,事实认定概率分析可分为单一证据维度和证据组合维度。在单一证据维度中,司法鉴定领域会不断涌现像DNA证据那样兼具实证统计数据和高度科学确认度的统计概率证据。在证据组合维度中,事实认定不可能通过数学推理实现,其原因主要有：事实认定过程复杂,数学推理难以模拟;数学推理并非司法证明思维的＂母语＂,而是一门需要翻译的＂外语＂;数学推理会通过＂量＂上的运算模糊、混淆乃至掩盖了＂质＂上的差别。     

情谊行为、法外空间与民法对现实生活的介入

民法学视野中的情谊行为包括纯粹的情谊行为和转化形态的情谊行为。纯粹的情谊行为不属于民事法律行为,而是处于"法外空间"的纯粹生活事实,法律不应当过度介入这一社会生活层面的关系,否则将使得社会生活规则被破坏殆尽。情谊行为在一定条件下可能转化为受民法调整的民事法律事实,进入"法内空间"。广义情谊行为中的情谊合同、情谊无因管理、情谊侵权行为是纯粹的情谊行为的转化形态,也都已属于民事法律事实,进入民法的调整领域。爱需要法律,法律在规制爱的过程中需要与其他社会规范相协调,以妥当界定"法外空间"与"法内空间"。民法面对情谊行为应该保持谦抑的态度,民法通过相应的技术调整手段实现对情谊行为施惠者的宽容、鼓励和必要的引导。     

《大清律例》“夫尊妻卑”对夫犯妻的影响——以“夫因生活琐事杀妻”案为考察中心

在清代,朱子理学是统治阶级所尊奉的正统学说,《大清律例》具有典型的"夫尊妻卑"特征,这主要体现在夫妻权利义务不对等、夫妻相犯同罪异罚两个方面。在刑科档案中,夫因生活琐事杀妻是导致夫殴妻至死的最主要原因,且在夫杀妻案件中占较大的比例。《大清律例》的"夫尊妻卑"规定,纵容了夫权的肆意膨胀,致使清律为倡导"素相和好"的夫妻关系而试图约束夫犯妻,尤其是夫殴妻致折伤以上的目的无法达到。