略论一般法律责任概念的"新义务说"

本文通过批驳和吸收关于法律责任概念的各种学说 ,确立和论证了“新义务说”的法律责任观点 ,指出法律责任分为一般法律责任和特殊法律责任 ,法律义务也分为一般法律义务和特殊法律义务 ,而一般法律责任就是特殊法律义务 ,特殊法律责任则就是一般法律义务     

重构民事诉讼证明责任—对“法律要件分类说”的反思性检讨

以法律要件分类说为典型的古典证明责任的立足点在于实体法法律规范性质的分析,该理论自提出以来历经德、日民事法学人的沉淀洗练,曾成为学界的通说。但是,法律要件分类说不但在规范分类、间接反证、主观举证责任分类标准等问题上难以理清各种理论纷争,而且其对于动态诉讼过程中当事人举证责任的转换以及与证明标准的关系缺乏必要的关注,也难以与现代民事诉讼的辩论主义、争点整理程序相协调。我国民事证明责任改革应当从"法律要件分类说"的迷思中走出,以"阶段的举证责任论"来重新构建我国的民事证明责任。     

论法律的安定性

法律安定性不仅是法律自身的逻辑自恰性、连续性和体系化,更应该从法律与社会生活的适应关系中去理解。法律须被明确规定、实用而且保持相对不变,否则,法律平等、合目的性将无法实现。在转型社会法律安定性是在应对法律移植与本土资源、法律与方法和法外空间等紧张关系中实现的。     

浅论医患关系的法律性质

医患关系不是一种医疗消费关系;在一般情况下,医患关系是一种民事法律关系;在公共卫生领域,医患关系是一种行政法律关系。     

死刑司法控制的程序性路径分析——以死刑复核权之回归为视角

对死刑进行司法上的控制可以分为两种途径:一是实体上的司法控制,就是通过对犯罪人严格适用刑事实体法的有关死刑的规定,以最大限度地减少死刑的实际适用;二是程序上的司法控制,就是通过严格执行刑事程序法有关死刑案件的程序性规定,在客观上达到进一步减少死刑适用的实际效果。从某种意义上而言,后者对于死刑的司法控制具有更为重要的作用。文章以死刑复核权的回归为视角,探寻对死刑进行有效司法控制的程序性路径。     

Feminism and the Flat Law Theory

This article examines two modalities of law, depicted spatially as the vertical and the horizontal. The intellectual background for seeing law in vertical and horizontal dimensions is to be found in much socio-legal scholarship. These approaches have challenged the modernist, legal positivist and essentially vertical view of law as a system of imperatives emanating from a hierarchically superior source such as a sovereign. In keeping with the socio-legal critical tradition, but approaching it from the perspective of legal philosophy, my aim is to address three matters. First, why is vertical law problematic for feminists? Second, what are the theoretical characteristics of law in its horizontal register? Third, how is an appreciation of this ‘flat’ law useful for feminist legal theory and practice? In particular, I consider the ways in which feminist legal theory operating in the horizontal dimension can transgress, without transcending, the vertically determined perimeters of the nation state.     

自由意志与法律意志

针对沉默权立法论争中的“自由意志”问题,从实际出发来探讨自由意志与法律意志这对命题,有益于我国建设法治社会的立法实践。     

论医疗事故罪的法定刑配置及其完善

医疗事故罪的法定刑配置突出地存在以下两个问题 :1、对医疗事故罪适用的刑罚种类只有有期徒刑和拘役两种 ,显得过于单薄。 2、法定刑幅度太低 ,不符合业务过失犯罪从重处罚的原则。要解决医疗事故罪法定刑配置中存在的问题 ,应从以下几个方面入手 :1、增加“罚金刑” ,2、增加“资格刑” ;3、提高法定刑幅度。并以此为中心修改完善刑法第 335条。     

"以德治国"思想的时代内涵

江泽民同志的“以德治国”思想是在新的历史条件下对马克思主义政治学说的创造性发展,其时代内涵主要包括以下三个方面:“以德治国”思想的提出,体现了时代的需求;“以德治国”思想内容的时代性;“以德治国”思想实践措施的时代性。     

Understanding Children's Use of Secrecy in the Context of Eyewitness Reports

To investigate socioemotional influences on children's eyewitness accuracy, we examined children's reports for activities they were motivated to conceal. Forty-eight 3–6-year-old children participated in a standardized play session with their mothers. Half of the children were told by an experimenter not to play with certain toys, but did so at the urging of their mothers, who told their children to keep the play activities secret. The remaining children were not restricted from playing with the toys, nor told by their mothers to keep the play activities secret. Later, all children were interviewed about the activities with free narrative and detailed questions. Half were given an interview that consisted of highly suggestive questions; half were given an interview consisting of specific, less suggestive questions. Results indicated that older children who were instructed to keep events secret withheld more information than did older children not told to keep events secret. Younger children's reports were not significantly affected by the secret manipulation. There were no significant effects associated with interview type. We discuss implications for understanding the development of children's knowledge and use of secrecy, and applications of the research to issues that arise when child witnesses give reports in legal contexts.