社区社会规范与社区治安研究——从社会资本理论视角出发的一种实证研究

课题从道德规范、制度规范及对制度规范的评价三个方面选取了社区社会规范的8个指标进行测量.研究结果表明,a社区的社区社会规范遵从程度高,社区的治安状况好,社区成员对社区治安状况的评价也较好;b社区的社区社会规范遵从程度低,社区的治安状况不佳,社区成员对社区治安状况的评价不好.     

论科学发展观的理论创新意义

社会发展的不同时期和阶段都有与之相适应的发展观。不同时期和阶段的发展观有所不同,而不同发展观的社会作用也有所不同,甚至截然相反。中国共产党人在领导中国现代化建设实践中形成的科学发展观,由于其对社会发展规律的深刻认识和理论升华,更由于其“以人为本”的理论出发点和落脚点,其科学性、创新性以及对社会发展的积极推进作用,将随着社会的发展而日益显现。     

Creating Stable Agreements in Marine Policy: Learning from the California South Coast Marine Life Protection Act Initiative

In this article, we examine the California South Coast Marine Life Protection Act Initiative stakeholder process, evaluate its shortcomings, and consider what could have been done differently. Our objective is to make recommendations to improve future multi‐stakeholder marine policy processes. In our view, while the South Coast stakeholder process had many positive outcomes, it failed to reach what we call here a “stable agreement.” Our analysis is based on two of the authors’ involvement (one as a facilitator and the other as a stakeholder representative) in the process and a post‐hoc survey of participants. We find that several ill‐advised process design and management choices significantly destabilized the negotiations, leading to an ultimately unstable agreement. We highlight four major problematic process design and management decisions, including the following: representation on the multi‐stakeholder group was imbalanced, the pre‐meeting caucuses were not paired with training in interest‐based negotiation, adequate incentives to negotiate toward a consensus agreement were not provided, and the use of straw voting at one point in the process was unclear and inconsistent. As a result of these and other process design and management flaws, many stakeholders believed that the process was biased and that their ends would be better achieved by anchoring negotiations and engaging in positional bargaining. Ultimately, this meant that near‐consensus on a single cross‐interest marine protected area proposal was not reached, the scientific guidelines put forth were not fully met, the process was not and is not viewed as fair by the stakeholders directly or indirectly involved, and the marine protected area regulations lack broad‐scale support. These pitfalls of the South Coast stakeholder process could have been avoided had the management and facilitation team consistently followed best practices in dispute resolution. We recommend that future marine planning processes learn from this example, particularly those occurring in highly complex, urban ocean environments.     

潜规则生发机制及其遏制——兼论吏治规范

潜规则是官场正式规则背后的另类规则，它像癌细胞一样寄生于正式规则又不断地侵蚀着正式规则。正式规则下的自由裁量权和官员的个人理性是潜规则生存的充分必要条件，基于个人理性的自组织(self—organizing)机制则是潜规则得以扩张的根本原因。潜规则遏制的核心问题是如何提高控制的有效性，在当前的转型期社会，吏治规范的主要思路是强化人民代表大会的监督职能，建立相对独立的监督行政体系。     

海峡两岸刑事司法互助中的证据问题

证据在诉讼中的有效性是海峡两岸刑事司法互助中难解的困局。两岸不同的证据制度和证据规则反映了对刑罚权程序正当性的不同认识,这种差异日益影响到两岸司法互助的效果。法律程序的"演示性"功能能够提升司法互助证据的公信力与证明力。海峡两岸应互信合作,借鉴与其他法域司法协助的成功经验,尽早细化《海峡两岸共同打击犯罪及司法互助协议》的证据条款,使证据的取得与转换具有可视性和操作性,提升司法互助的成效。     

论民事诉讼中当事人陈述

民事诉讼的证据制度,作为当事人双方和法院追求正义的基础,具有重要作用。而当事人的陈述,在新民事诉讼法修改后位列证据制度的第一位,证明其有着不可忽视的价值。本文从当事人陈述这项证据位置的变化入手,通过比较大陆法系、英美法系、苏俄民事诉讼的立法,证实了当事人陈述是具有查明案件真相、防止诉讼拖延、追求"法律真实"等重要意义。     

实习规章制度现状与重构论略

实习规章制度相比于一般的规章制度更具稀缺性,这既不利于规范实习关系,也不利于保障与救济实习学生的正当权益.我国目前实习规章制度\"备案或报批\"程序严重缺失,实习规章制度的内容常常\"内嵌\"于其他制度之中,并且非常抽象,与劳动规章制度之明确性原则相悖;内容设置偏重义务而忽略了权利,关于实习薪酬、实习保险、实习考核评估和实习争...     

规则、关系与地区安全治理

在地区安全治理研究中,规则或国际规则是主导话语和主导研究范式。然而,规则本身并不能自动构建治理实践和产生预期的治理效果。文章通过借鉴世界政治关系理论的最新研究成果,尝试建立“规则-关系”治理模型。其基本假设是,国际规则需经由地方关系过程激活和运化,才更有可能产生协作机制和务实政策,从而实现有效的地区安全治理。具象的地方关系过程由地区安全利益攸关方的互动关系构成,是各方参与协商的过程,同时也是给国际规则和治理实践赋能的过程。整体和抽象的地方关系过程就是治理实践本身,是所有治理要素联动应对安全威胁的过程,并以大湄公河次区域跨境传染病联防联控协作治理为案例对模型进行了验证。实践证明,关系过程活力越大,越能够激活和运化规则,就越有可能形成有效的地区安全治理,这项研究有望推动和深化地区安全治理的学理思考,并为公共卫生治理研究作出累积性知识贡献。     

历史规律与中国特色社会主义

马克思主义原创理论正确地肯定了历史规律与物质运动规律的趋同性.却没有深入考察二者的趋异性.由于人类物质活动越来越采取精神形式进行.而精神形态依赖文化传承关系,因此主体活动具有选择性.并导致历史规律具有单一要素间因果丛然性、多元要素间趋势必然性、复杂要素间系统必然性的区别.中国特色社会主义既是经济落后民族为主体,又采用了市场方式发展.要正确判断这一现象,只能运用发展马克思主义方式来实现.其中最为关键的是既坚持又改造市场体制.