Regulating the retirement age—Lessons from Nordic pension policy approaches

The likelihood that longevity will continue to increase has generated a search for regulation that make people work longer as they live longer, and thus not just containing pension expenditure but also enlarging labor supply, economic growth, and tax revenue. In public pension policy, Nordic countries have led the world with three types of approaches aimed at making people retire later. The first came when Sweden, followed by Finland and Norway, installed life expectancy coefficients in benefit calculation formulas. The second followed as Finland introduced age-related accrual rates and the third when Denmark indexed the pensionable age to developments in life expectancy. Since economic incentive-based regulations failed to raise exit ages sufficiently, Finland and Sweden subsequently linked pensionable ages to life expectancy like Denmark. While this policy brings out inequalities in health and workability, the fact that countries found it necessary to index the pensionable age to longevity instead of just relying on economic incentives in regulating retirement behavior may hold lessons for other countries.     

复方真武冲剂治疗慢性心力衰竭20例临床观察

目的观察复方真武冲剂对慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure，CHF）患者症状体征和生活质量的影响。方法将40例CHF患者（NYHAⅡ～Ⅳ级）随机分为两组：对照组采用常规西药治疗；研究组所用药物成分同对照组，药物剂量为对照组剂量的1／2～2／3，并加服复方真武冲剂。两组疗程均为2周。治疗前后分别观察两组的中医症状体征和生活质量。结果两组治疗后中医症状体征积分和生活质量积分显著降低（P〈0．01），且研究组显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论复方真武冲剂对CHF患者中医证候和生活质量有一定的改善作用。     

养阴润肠方治疗慢性传输型便秘32例

目的 观察养阴润肠方治疗慢性传输型便秘临床疗效。方法 符合纳入标准的32例慢性传输型便秘患者，使用养阴润肠方治疗3个疗程，每个疗程7 d，分别记录治疗前、2个疗程后、3个疗程后、停药1个月后便秘患者生活质量自评量表（patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire, PAC-QOL）评分及Cleveland便秘评分。结果 治疗结束时治愈17例，显效8例，有效4例，无效3例，总有效率为90.6％。治疗前后PAC-QOL比较，在治疗2个疗程后、3个疗程后、停药1个月后，生理积分、担忧度积分、满意度积分、总分均显著减少（P＜0.01）；3个疗程后、停药1个月后，心理积分显著减少（P＜0.01）；与治疗前比较，治疗2个疗程后、3个疗程后、停药1个月后Cleveland评分均显著减少（P＜0.01）。结论 养阴润肠方治疗慢性传输型便秘在全身整体性调节和提高生活质量等方面疗效确切。