论公款使用人的共犯责任

本文从司法实践的角度对挪用公款罪中公款使用人的共犯责任进行了探讨,并对使用人构成挪用公款罪共犯的条件及其刑事责任等进行论述,认为挪用公款罪中公款使用人只能是个人,私有公司、企业的所有者、经营管理者则可成为挪用公款罪的共犯。     

Public Choice at the Intersection of Environmental Law and Economics

Management of environmental assets begins with a commons and ends with various legal institutions that assign property rights and control. Each step in the evolution of these legal institutions involves collective decision making. Public Choice analysis helps to explain the decision making process and institutional characteristics that emerge. A survey of Public Choice literature that addresses environmental issues illustrates how Public Choice sheds light on outcomes for the U.S. experience. In the absence of Public Choice theory, law and economics scholars would be hard pressed to explain why costly forms of environmental regulation seem preferred to apparently more efficient institutions and why the body politic seemingly accepts a high-cost, low-output outcome.     

突发公共卫生事件中谣言的产生机理和因应策略——基于一个历史比较和社会心理分析的视角

突发公共卫生事件期间,谣言的蔓延既容易引发社会性恐慌,又有损于政府公信力,极大地影响了疫情的整体性治理。阻遏谣言不能简单依靠多元主体参与辟谣,而需要洞察谣言作为群体性无意识活动背后的社会心理诉求和意识形态表达。整理汇集2020新冠肺炎2003非典型肺炎1910东北鼠疫和1894粤港澳鼠疫期间流行的谣言,通过建立一个历史比较的框架,分析和解释重大疫情谣言规律性重现的原因,即谣言的产生是公众世界观秩序被扰乱后的慌忙重构、公众意识形态的集体具象化和公众渴望深度介入公共事务的表达。鉴于此,谣言的治理必须建立在对谣言随疫情变化规律的掌握上,设置预防性前置性的工作机制,综合运用多渠道多机制进行防治。     

保护规范理论的展开与问题——联立公司诉北京市东城区人民政府行政复议案评析

“联立公司案”是“刘广明案”后最高人民法院另一起对保护规范理论予以详尽阐释的裁判案例。通过对全面查找根据规范的要求、对未明示当事人的归纳以及对考虑要求的纳入,本案裁判对保护规范理论进行了大幅扩展,也在一定程度上纠正了行政审判对此理论的适用偏差。但因为涉及分配行政下如何界定公法权利/私法权利,进而界定行政诉讼/民事诉讼,以及如何弥合事实影响和规范要素等复杂难题,本案裁判也存在一定论证局限并提示出诸多未尽问题。     

Managing Local Intergovernmental Revenues: The Imperative of Diversification

Abstract

Municipal governments have employed a variety of strategies to address their ongoing revenue crises throughout the past several decades. One such strategy that has been employed with great consistency is the use of intergovernmental revenues (IGR). Given this trend, coupled with the fact that we know little about the dynamics of IGR, this paper presents one of the first multi‐year examinations of its use at the local level. Using data from 76 villages and cities in Cook County, IL (greater Chicago) for 1996–2000, we examine IGR use from the perspective of revenue diversification. The analysis indicates that during this period, local governments in Cook County (1) diversified their own‐source revenues and decreased dependence on the property tax; (2) maintained a consistent dependence on IGR; and (3) diversified and significantly altered their IGR structures. We also examine the demographic and organizational correlates of IGR diversification, and find it to be unrelated to characteristics such as population, property tax base, professional administration, and organizational capacity. As a result, we conclude that IGR diversification is a strategy that ought to be considered by all municipalities regardless of size or structure.     

Social Return on Investment Analysis of Government Purchases of Social Service Projects

Whether government purchases of public services is worth？It draws great attention from the public, but the objective method has not been found to respond to this issue. Concerning the value measurement in government purchases of social service projects, this paper examines the applicability of the existing evaluation methods, reconstructs evaluation models based on the Social Return of Investment (SROI) analysis model, and makes a preliminary study of one case. The study found that SROI not only can fully describe all the stakeholders’ input, output and outcome in the project, but can quantify the cost, effect and a return on investment, which checked whether services have created a default value of efficiency, quality, effect and fairness. However, SROI still faces restrictions on calculating cost and effect, collecting assessment data and effect pricing of stakeholders. Consequently, this paper suggests to establish evaluation criterion of project value, to build information platform of public service evaluation, and to develop relevant analysis tools, thus we can construct value measurement framework of government purchases of social service projects.     

坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度的科学内涵

社会主义基本经济制度决定着我国经济制度的性质与经济发展的方向,对我国社会主义现代化建设起到根本性和全局性作用。新中国成立以来,尤其是改革开放以来我们党运用科学社会主义基本原理,从我国实际出发,不断丰富和发展社会主义基本经济制度的科学内涵。党的十九届四中全会对社会主义基本经济制度内涵进行三位一体的新概括,充分发挥社会主义基本经济制度在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化上的显著优势,这是马克思主义政治经济学中国化的最新成果,标志着社会主义基本经济制度更加科学、更加定型。     

主观公权利的观念与保护规范理论的构造

刘广明案最高法裁定开拓性地将主观公权利观念与保护规范理论导入我国司法实践,引发争议。主观公权利观念是公权利理论的产物;保护规范理论是其技术性形态,用来从客观法解读主观公权利。公权利理论以国家法人说为理论基础,志向于在国家与个人之间建构起权利义务关系。在公权利理论的发展过程中,个人对国家的主观公权利成为重心,国家对个人的主观公权利淡出视野;同时,保护规范理论因法律秩序的转换与时代精神的变迁,而不断对其解释要素加以调适,使主观公权利的外延呈现出一种开放性。这个过程体现了法律的动态性,并有其政治哲学背景。刘广明案最高法裁定所表达的只是保护规范理论的基点,但通过导入该理论,为行政诉讼原告适格的认定提供一个法律论辩平台,应获积极评价。     

现代行政法的理论基础——公共利益与个体利益协调论

公共利益与个体利益协调论是指 :行政法通过对行政权力和公民个人权利的合理配置 ,使行政机关和公民的利益在行政权行使过程中都能得到充分反映 ,从而达到公共利益与个人利益的协调状态。这一理论较之平衡论、公共利益本位论、控权论和管理论有较大合理性。为实现公共利益与个体利益的协调 ,必须完善行政程序 ,尤其是在行政立法环节应对二者有充分的考虑。