福利、政府与第三部门——对社会弱势群体权利保护的反思

对社会弱势群体的权利保护关系到福利权制度在我国的建构.福利权的义务主体应当是政府,而不是企业更不是个人.福利权的性质决定了政府应当主动、积极地履行自己的责任,保障福利权的实现.在福利制度的模式选择上,建议我国采取政府支配型的福利多元主义模式.而且,第三郭门的发展在福利制度的建构中越来越扮演重要的角色.     

EXPLAINING RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN SERIOUS ADOLESCENT VIOLENT BEHAVIOR*

This study explains racial/ethnic differences in serious adolescent violent behavior using a contextual model derived from prior urban, developmental, and criminological theory. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, we compare involvement in serious violence among Asians, blacks, Hispanics, Native Americans, and whites. Results indicate that statistical differences between whites and minority groups are explained by variation in community disadvantage (for blacks), involvement in gangs (for Hispanics), social bonds (for Native Americans), and situational variables (for Asians). The lesser involvement in violence among Asians compared to blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans is accounted for by similar factors. Differences in violent behavior among the latter three minority groups are not significant. Theoretical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

The Role of Interest Groups in the European Union Decision-Making Process

Most of the economic models that analyse the behaviour of interest groups in the policy making process uphold the idea that there are many organized groups that compete, with the aim of achieving their individual goals. The adoption of decisions is the result of a complex system of strategic interactions, and since different groups have different resources at their disposal this makes it easier for one or more groups to influence whether or not a policy is adopted. This research demonstrates that an institutional system such as the European Union (EU) should be able to protect us from the potential manipulation, which accompanies these channels of influence.     

百越族系稻作神话初探--以壮族为中心

近年来考古发掘实证资料证实 ,我国南方已有上万年的稻作栽培史。剖析、比较以壮族为代表的百越系诸民族活形态的稻作神话与相关民俗 ,并结合古越人的文化特征进行综合审视 ,可以初步确认百越系诸民族及其先民古越人的稻作神话 ,当属东亚、东南亚最古老的稻作神话。     

Reflecting on 'Linkage': Cognitive and Institutional Change in The International Trading System

Since the creation of the World Trade Organisation, the international trading system has lived through a decade of sustained and vocal public criticism. International trade lawyers have made significant efforts to engage, evaluate and respond to these critiques. This article assesses the adequacy of these responses, focusing on the so-called 'trade and' debate – or 'trade linkage' debate – in international trade law. While this debate has produced valuable insights, it tends to legitimate and reproduce precisely those aspects of the trade regime which it purports to contest. Drawing on the insights of economic history, an alternative mode of scholarship is proposed – at once historical, critical, constructivist and institutionalist – to augment the current literature in the 'trade and' debate. Concrete lines of enquiry are proposed which, if followed, would help international trade lawyers to respond more productively and with greater legitimacy to contemporary public critiques of the international trading order.     

DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORY GROUPS: FACT OR A USEFUL STATISTICAL FICTION?*

A rapidly growing literature in criminology and psychology uses a group‐based methodology to identify and analyze developmental trajectories. Some confusion has arisen about the interpretation of this novel statistical model and with it some degree of cautionary commentary. We begin with a discussion of the role of trajectory groups as a statistical device for approximating population differences in developmental trajectories. We then discuss three misconceptions about group‐based trajectory modeling that stem from misunderstandings about the approximating role of trajectory groups: (1) individuals actually belong to a trajectory group, (2) the number of trajectory groups is immutable, and (3) the trajectories of group members follow the group‐level trajectory in lock step. We also point out that groupbased statistical modeling is not bound at the hip to the testing of taxonomic theories, and can just as well be used to test nontaxonomic theories.     

民族调查研究中的视角定位与实践

任何民族调查研究都是立足于具体民族的社会事实来开展的学术活动。调查者的视角定位不同 ,往往会得到不同的调查研究结论。为此 ,本文从民族学 (文化人类学 )的角度对近年来调查研究中有关不同生境中的民族、当今社会中不同区域内的弱势群体、社会性别与发展以及调查角色的主位与客位等诸多问题在如何选定视角进行定位上进行了探讨 ,同时文中还通过一些调查实例对这一研究方法的实践价值进行了分析     

困难职工群体的成因、现状和发展趋势

当前困难职工已构成了城镇困难群体的主体、困难职工有贫困扩大和加深的趋势、在同样符合低保条件的情况下,特困职工比其他群体更难享受到最低保障,因此应该引起深切关注。同时文章分析了困难职工贫困成因,指出就业和社会保障不足是他们陷于贫困的最主要原因,因此对他们救助的最主要途径,就是为脆弱人群创造更多的就业机会和构筑社会安全网。     

关怀与尊重理论对我国农村弱势群体保护的启示

平等概念是德沃金政治哲学的核心,平等关怀与尊重体现的是一种实质平等。这一理论必将给我国当前的农村弱势群体保护带来一定的启示。     

Jakarta’s Precarious Workers: Are they a “New Dangerous Class”?

In his 2011 book, The Precariat, Guy Standing claims that the precariat is “a new dangerous class.” This article seeks to revisit this claim and assess it using the case of young workers engaged in urban situations in Jakarta that fit the definition of precarious work. It will particularly focus on young workers who are often identified as potentially “dangerous” because they join vigilante groups. It is argued that these precarious workers share characteristics with the broader working class, and the claim that they constitute a new class in a developing country such as Indonesia is challenged. It is found that membership in vigilante groups is important for providing social bonds that support these young precarious workers in dealing with labour-related insecurities. The social bonds also moderate their anger, anxiety, anomie and alienation, and act to integrate them within society. It is also suggested that where these young precarious workers may be considered “dangerous,” it is a characteristic common to the lumpenproletariat. This shapes their class consciousness and affects their ambiguous relations with the rest of the working class.