澳大利亚惠特拉姆工党政府福利建设论析

福利政策一直是澳大利亚工党社会政策的支柱,并成为其执政时一面永不褪色的旗帜。1949年工党政府下台后,在野长达23年,社会福利在很大程度上也被忽视。工党领袖惠特拉姆在1972年上台后,进行了广泛干预和社会改良,基本上完成了澳大利亚全国性的保障框架的建设,也使许多弱势社会群体的生活状况得到改善。但工党政府福利建设的庞大及面临的一系列困难使其效果和作用大打折扣。     

Special Interests,Regulatory Quality,and the Pesticides Overload

Pesticides overuse is a serious threat to ecosystems and wildlife, human health, and agricultural sustainability. So far, however, social scientists have not produced systematic evidence on the political–economic determinants of pesticides overuse. We argue that the agrochemical industry, as a profit‐motivated interest group, will only mobilize politically to avoid reductions in pesticides use when regulatory institutions are potentially capable of correcting a market failure. If regulatory institutions are weakened by corruption or other factors, pesticides overuse occurs with or without the influence of the agrochemical industry. We test this interactive theory systematically against quantitative data on pesticides use in 24 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries, 1991–2003. Using corruption and other indicators to capture bureaucratic quality, we find substantively large and statistically robust interactive effects. The agrochemical industry is a crucial determinant of pesticides use in nations with low corruption, whereas the agrochemical industry has no effect on pesticides use under corrupt regulatory institutions. Troublingly, these results imply that reduced corruption may not improve actual regulatory effectiveness unless political institutions can somehow constrain the influence of special interests.     

当前社会稳定情况调查报告——基于浙江省的研究

社会稳定是社会发展进步的前提和基础。本报告根据浙江省的调查,对当前社会稳定情况进行了分析,认为群众对当前社会稳定情况的评价相对较高,对未来社会稳定发展的预期也比较乐观。同时,群众对威胁社会稳定的一些典型性行为的支持度有明显区别,呈现喜忧参半的现象。此外,群众认为官员腐败、贫富分化与社会治安是当前影响社会稳定的三大因素。在此基础上,本报告提出了若干建议,以期进一步促进社会稳定和谐。     

论弱势群体的界定——兼论弱势群体保护制度与社会保障制度的区别

弱势群体保护问题的理论基础在于保障人的实质平等权和发展权,社会保障制度则以保障生存权为基础;弱势群体首先是一个社会学范畴,它泛指那些在实现基本权利的手段上面临困难最大的群体;鉴于社会保障制度和弱势群体保护制度在制度理念、基本原则和保护对象上存在差异,因此,社会保障对象与弱势群体是两个不同的范畴,二者范围不同。     

对弱势群体的政策支持刍议——以武汉市A区实施分散按比例安排残疾人就业政策为例

关注弱势群体,给予弱势群体必要的政策支持是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求。残疾人属于弱势群体,因此,政府有责任通过多方位、多角度的政策支持促进其就业,增强其平等参与社会生活的积极性和创造性。本文通过对武汉市A区分散按比例安排残疾人就业政策的实施、政策实施的成效及存在的问题进行分析,在此基础上提出政策优化建议。     

(Non‐)Enforcement of Directors’ Duties in Corporate Groups: Goh Chan Peng v Beyonics Technology Ltd

Corporate groups, a ubiquitous feature of modern business, pose formidable challenges for common law courts relying on traditional corporate law doctrine. Arising out of a corporate group's recent bid to recover millions of dollars in lost profits from a former director and CEO who had diverted a core business, Goh Chan Peng v Beyonics Technology Ltd raised thorny issues of separate legal entity doctrine, single economic unit theory, and reflective loss shared by common law legal systems. Despite finding that the defendant had breached his duties to the ultimate holding company, the Singapore Court of Appeal absolved the faithless director from most of his liabilities, relying on limited domestic precedent to the exclusion of a rich body of Commonwealth jurisprudence – including the House of Lords’ landmark Johnson v Gore Wood decision. This note explores the paths not taken by the court, and highlights the pitfalls of a narrow, autochthonous approach to problems of common law doctrine.     

数字政府建设中的政务服务

本文基于新公共管理和新公共服务两大理论的学理分析,剖析了数字政府建设中政务服务效能提升的制约瓶颈并提供了相应的对策建议.分析结果表明:分散的政务服务抑制了服务效能、异向的政务数据影响了业务协同、失衡的供给能力制约了发展水平.研究结论认为,优化政务服务基础平台、完善政务信息共享机制、提高政务服务供给能力是数字政府建设中政...     

NPM Reforms and Professionals in Health and Higher Education in Portugal

The aim of this article is to analyze comparatively how academics, physicians, and nurses positioned themselves in relation to the reconfiguration of power structures and decisional processes, under New Public Management influence, in the hospitals, and higher education institutions. The empirical data are gathered from a survey applied to the three professional groups. Quantitative results show that the three groups have similar positions concerning power concentration at institutions’ top governance. However, relevant differences emerge in their views concerning the organization and control of the social division of work and also of their professional practices.     

Assimilation and intermarriage for U.S. immigrant groups, 1880–1990

Marriage outside one's ethnic or racial group constitutes the ultimate test of assimilation. In this research, we offer a new test of theories of assimilation by examining the choice of marriage partners among Mexican Americans, several European immigrant groups, and natives. Data from the 1880 to 1990 Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) are employed, augmented by additional identification procedures developed for the Hispanic population. Assimilation measured by intermarriage rates varies by ethnic origin with striking affinity in historical patterns for Italians and Mexicans. Density and location of ethnic settlement, sex ratios, and generational mix played a role. Continued immigration marks certain groups, such as Mexicans, as structurally distinct.