完善多元纠纷解决机制——问题与思考

化解、调解、立法、规范是一整套预防与治理并重的多元纠纷解决机制。法律援助、司法救助、人民调解、信访、仲裁、宗族力量、司法建议等是相互联系的多元化纠纷解决机制的系列选择方式,共同构成多元并举的纠纷解决机制,共同构成促进社会和谐发展的司法保障的重要内容。完善多元纠纷解决机制,是法治政府的重要职责。     

The Home Insulation Program: An Example of Australian Government Failure

The public concern surrounding the Australian Government Home Insulation Program (HIP) continues despite the abrupt termination of the program in the light of its deleterious safety consequences and fiscally wasteful management. This enduring unease has been reflected in a variety of official inquiries and reports including the Hawke Review (2010) , an inquiry by the Senate Environment, Communications and the Arts References Committee (2010), a performance audit by the Commonwealth Auditor‐General (2010) and two Departmental annual reports (DCCEE 2010; DEWHA 2010). Taking into account this body of evidence, we argue that the HIP represents an example of government failure, which, in turn, led to a range of unintended ‘human costs’ including the tragic deaths of four young installation workers. Moreover it is also argued that, in future, programs like the HIP are best administered by state/territory and local governments which are often best placed to deliver ‘on the ground’ services.     

The Role,Scope and Scale of Local Government in New Zealand: Its Prospective Future

This article contributes to the current debate as to the role, scope and scale of local government in New Zealand. In 2008, the Nationals Local Government Minister announced his intention to undertake a fundamental review of local government in NZ. This review finally took shape in mid 2011 with the publication of the consultation document ‘Smarter Government, Stronger Communities: towards better local governance and public services’ ( Hide 2011 ). This article adds to the debate by identifying four key themes within the NZ local government system, namely: the legislative framework; managerial capabilities; calibre of elected members and finally democratic deficit and community disengagement. Whilst the first two themes are undoubted strengths, the latter two are equally weaknesses in the local governance system of NZ. Hence the article makes a number of recommendations, seeking to exploit the strengths and to correct the weaknesses in order to create a robust and credible local governance system for NZ.     

论网络舆情对政府制定公共政策的影响

当前我国处于网络信息新时代,网络舆情是政府了解民意的重要渠道和方法,对于民意的征求也应适当地采取网络投票、提问等方式。网络传播方式已成为我国公众表达利益诉求、维护自身权益的重要公共平台。因此,网络舆情对政府制定决策有着重要的影响,同时伴随着很大的压力,并且网络舆情的积极作用与消极作用并存,所以网络舆情状态下政府如何制定好公共政策成为考验政府能力的一个挑战。     

A losing gamble. How mainstream parties facilitate anti-immigrant party success

The emergence of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe has provoked very different responses from mainstream parties. Some have tried to counter the anti-immigrant parties while others have tried to recapture lost voters by taking a tougher stance on immigration. Country comparative studies have tried to determine the effectiveness of different strategies, but systematic testing has been impaired by small-n problems. This paper therefore exploits sub-national variation in 290 Swedish municipalities to investigate the effect of mainstream party strategy on anti-immigrant electoral success. The paper finds that a tougher stance on immigration on the part of mainstream parties is correlated with more anti-immigrant party support, even when controlling for a large number of socio-economic, historical and regional factors. This result indicates that mainstream parties legitimize anti-immigrant parties by taking a tougher position on immigration. However, the results presented in the paper show that it is not sufficient for one mainstream party to take a tougher position; it is only when the entire political mainstream is tougher on immigration that the anti-immigrant party benefits. What is more, the toughness of the parties on the left seems to be more legitimizing than the toughness of the parties on the right.     

公众预期对我国房地产宏观调控政策影响分析

1998年以来中国的房地产宏观调控发展历程经历了五阶段,各阶段公众预期呈现出不同的特征,并对调控政策效果产生了影响。因此,房地产市场调控政策的出台必须从调整房地产市场供求关系、建立长效机制、加强媒体与舆论的引导和管理以及保持政策的连续性、稳定性和长期性等加强公众预期管理等方面考虑。     

中央-地方互动与“十一五”节能目标责任考核政策的制定过程分析

节能目标责任考核政策是我国"十一五"期间用以保障实现单位国内生产总值能源消耗降低20%这一约束性指标的重要政策,本文从中央-地方互动视角研究该政策的制定过程。研究发现,节能目标责任考核政策的制定过程呈现出"中央政府提出方针——地方政府进行创新性政策实践——中央政府肯定创新并颁布新政策——地方政府进行政策复制"的中央-地方互动特征,具有地方政策创新和自上而下政策复制相结合的特点。源自省级政府的政策实践是我国节能目标责任考核政策建立的主要学习源,为中央政府的政策出台提供了参照与经验,加速了中国节能考核政策的发展。但这些作为政策备选项的地方实践,总体上比较单一,并在中央节能目标责任考核政策出台后迅速进行了复制式修订。此外,节能目标责任考核政策的地方创新性实践主要发生在省级政府层面,地市级政府和更低层次的政府更多起到的是政策执行的作用。本文从动力机制的角度对此现象进行了初步解释。     

农村公共服务提供中的政府与基层社会组织：功能、问题与互动合作

农村公共服务问题是转型时期新农村建设中的难点,存在着供给总量不足、供给结构失衡、供给效率低下等一系列问题,亟需变革传统的单一供给模式。基于合作理论,应该通过重塑政府公共服务责任、确立基层社会组织的法定地住、明确合作中的各供给主体角色、实现多元化资金供给、规范合作参与机制等途径实现政府与基层社会组织的多元合作,破解农村公共服务提供的难题。     

试论宏观调控法律纠错机制

政府的宏观调控行为是一种特殊的权力行使方式。政府可以采取法律、经济、行政等手段对国民经济进行宏观调控。规范意义上,有权进行宏观调控的国家机关有立法机关、独立机构和行政机关。针对不同的宏观调控手段和不同的调控机关,法律纠错机制一般有司法纠错机制、宪法纠错机制、内部纠错机制三种。政府宏观调控行为的司法纠错机制,指的是宏观调控法的可诉性问题。宪法纠错机制,指的是我国《宪法》中规定的质询与询问、对行政机关规范性文件的审查、以及罢免和撤职等制度。内部纠错机制主要是复议等政府上级机关对下级机关的决策审查制度。     

上海地方政府投融资平台投融资机制创新研究

地方政府投融资平台是我国政府投融资管理中的一大创新。改革开放以来,上海积极探索投融资体制改革,地方政府投融资平台公司总体发展比较稳健,但也存在一定的问题和风险。新时期推进上海地方政府投融资平台投融资机制创新,要着力构建资金来源多样化、融资机制市场化、融资主体多元化、融资平台多层化的新型投融资体制,大力推进证券化、股权化、资本化、国际化的融资渠道创新,优化融资结构,提升融资能级,完善融资环境,更好地满足新时期上海经济社会发展的投融资需求。