我国风险投资基金立法若干问题思考

对我国风险投资基金的定义、设立、运作和管理体制等问题提出了初步的立法构想 ,认为我国的风险投资基金应按公司型而不能按契约型设立 ,采取公募方式而不能采用私募方式 ,采取以可转换优先股和可转换债券为主的投资方式 ,并通过投资合同来管理和监督风险企业 ,为风险投资基金提供第二板市场上市等多种退出机制 ;应由证监会下设投资基金管理委员会作为风险投资基金的行政管理机构 ,同时必须加强风险投资基金行业的自律性管理。     

论环境保护的公众参与

公众参与是我国环境法的一项重要原则。但是由于公众参与环保的法律机制没有较好地形成,使环境保护法的社会性大打折扣。从我国环境保护现状出发,借鉴外国环境法的有效制度,实现公众全方位参与环境保护,是立法的当务之急。     

When the election rains out and how bad weather excludes marginal voters from turning out

Ostensibly random and trivial experiences of everyday life, e.g., local weather, can have significant political consequences. First, we present a comprehensive meta-analysis of 34 studies of electoral turnout and rainfall – the vast majority demonstrating a negative association. Secondly, we present a new analysis of a voter panel with validated turnout for a complete electorate merged with fine-grained meteorological observations to show that Election Day rainfall reduces turnout by 0.95 percentage points per centimeter, while more sunshine increases turnout. Marginal voters (young voters) are up to six times more susceptible to bad weather and respond more positively to pleasant weather. Thus, bad weather exacerbates unequal democratic participation by pushing low-propensity voters to abstain. Efforts to include marginal voters therefore ought to be intensified during poor weather, and elections could even be moved to seasons with more pleasant weather to improve participatory equality.     

中药封包外敷联合臭氧局部注射治疗脊神经后支综合征56例

目的 评估中药封包联合臭氧治疗脊神经后支综合征的临床疗效。 方法 将112例脊神经后支综合征患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组56例,在中药封包外敷腰背部痛区的基础上,观察组予局部臭氧注射,对照组予局部神经阻滞,连续治疗3周。观察治疗后疼痛缓解情况,并评估治疗3周后及治疗后3个月临床疗效。 结果 治疗3周后和治疗后3个月,两组VAS评分均较治疗前明显下降（P<0.05）,且观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗3周后和治疗后3个月,两组临床疗效的分布比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,观察组明显优于对照组。 结论 中药封包联合臭氧局部注射可有效治疗脊神经后支综合征,且远期疗效显著。     

Russia’s local government in the process of authoritarian regime transformation: incentives for the survival of local democracy

In 2003, the authorities of Russia launched a comprehensive reform of local government. One of the elements of this reform was the replacement of the previously predominant form of local government, characterised by the presence of directly elected mayors, with the council-manager model. While originally motivated largely by the desire to enhance the efficacy of local government, the reform was implemented concurrently with Russia’s transition to electoral authoritarianism, with the council-manager model emerging as a major tool of authoritarian transformation. This study uses the data from 79 capitals of Russia’s regions in order to identify those factors that facilitated the survival of directly elected mayors in these cities. The analysis reveals that the past trajectories of regime transitions at the regional level in the form of elite settlement, economic resourcefulness, and the lack of politically motivated deference to the federal authorities contributed to the survival of local democracy in Russia.     

Shaping Political Preferences: Information Effects in Political-Administrative Systems

Information is at the heart of politics. However, since information is always sent by someone who is more or less powerful, it is difficult to disentangle the effect of information from the power of the sender. Drawing on a standard model of attitude formation, we argue that presenting information can affect preferences of politicians regardless of the power of the sender. We test this proposition in a survey experiment with 1205 Danish local politicians in which the experimental groups were presented with varying levels of cost information but where sender remained constant. The experiment shows that even in a setting where the information is not disclosed by a powerful sender, information may have a stronger impact on political preferences than other well-known determinants such as committee and party affiliation. Our findings speak to learning theories, knowledge perspectives and the literature on the determinants of politicians’ preferences.     

From Competition to Collaboration: Intergovernmental Economic Development Policy Networks

This study investigates the strategic collaboration among local jurisdictions in the competitive environment: how fragmented jurisdictions in a metropolitan area perceive each other as cooperative partners and what factors influence the establishment of collaborative relationships between them. To answer the research questions, we applied the Institutional Collective Action (ICA) framework, which assumes that institutional actors behave in ways such that their economic benefits are maximised and risks and costs of collaboration are minimised, and employed the exponential random graph (ERG) model, one of the statistical social network analyses. The results indicate that the physical, political and geographical similarities among municipalities positively influence collaboration among local jurisdictions. In addition, municipalities are more likely to prefer to establish the closed network relationship such as triad–triplet. This study allows to understand the mechanism to establish collaborative behaviour among local jurisdictions for their regional economic development in a metropolitan area.     

论人身损害案件中的精神赔偿

现行法律对人身损害中精神损害的赔偿原则、赔偿数额标准等缺乏明确规定 ,同社会实际需求不相适应。由于加害人故意或过失实施了人身损害行为 ,在客观上不仅损害了受害人的身体、健康与生命 ,还会导致受害人精神损害的严重后果。人身损害的精神赔偿应当适用过错责任原则和适当限制原则 ;适用对象应当是在人身损害中依法享有精神损害赔偿请求权利的直接受害人和间接受害人 ;精神损害赔偿金的标准 ,可以依据经鉴定的伤残等级 ,确定一个限额幅范围 ;赔偿金以多次支付为原则 ,有条件的一次性支付为例外。     

论加入WTO对中国经济法制的影响

加入WTO将会对我国经济法制产生重要影响,这种影响主要体现在经济立法和法律适用等方面.在经济立法方面,我国将根据WTO国际规则和已作出的承诺,相应修改及增加经济立法的规定,受影响的主要是外贸立法和外资立法领域.在法律适用方面,这种影响体现为国内法院和行政机关如何使WTO国际规则在国内得以实施.     

完善农民私权利的制度经济学分析

随着建设社会主义和谐社会和工业反哺农业的不断发展、深入,农村面貌已经有了较大的改观,农民人均收入在不断地增加。党的十六届五中全会提出,建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大而长期的历史任务,也是加强“三农”工作的重大战略举措,事关全面建设小康社会和社会主义现代化建设的全局。然而“三农”问题不仅仅是一个经济问题,更是一个法律问题。“三农”问题的核心是农民问题,而解决农民问题首先是要解决权利问题,具体来说,就是如何建立保护农民私权利的体制问题。