Single primer extension (SPEX) amplification to accurately genotype highly damaged DNA templates

High levels of non-authentic sequence data can be generated by traditional PCR-based methodologies when DNA is damaged, template numbers are small and/or the target amplification size too large. We therefore present an alternate methodology based on single primer extension (SPEX) amplification; that places no pre-defined size constraints on amplification and interacts with only one of the DNA strands at the target locus.     

低分子量肝素生物利用度的研究

目的:研究低分子量肝素在大鼠皮下注射后的生物利用度,并对不同样品进行生物利用度的比较.方法:采用静脉和皮下两种方式给药,测定不同时间的血药浓度,绘制成曲线,计算出曲线下面积.结果:6个样品的皮下生物利用度分别为85.0%,89.6%,77.3%,91.0%,79.2%和79.6%.结论:不同来源的低分子量肝素皮下生物利用度有较大的差异.     

企业新就业大学生心理契约违背与工作倦怠的关系研究

近年来,员工的工作倦怠已成为一个普遍的社会现象,而作为企业的新生力量和即将成为企业主力军的新就业大学生的工作倦息问题更应受到理论界的关注。研究基于自我控制资源模型,采用问卷调查法,探讨大学生心理契约违背与工作倦息之间的关系。研究发现：心理契约违背整体及其维度对新就业大学生工作倦怠有正向影响,自我损耗在新就业大学生心理契约违背与工作倦怠中起部分中介作用,新就业大学生的内部人身份感知在心理契约违背与工作倦怠之间起调节作用。     

全球经济进入"低增长陷阱"背景下的中国财税改革研究

随着全球经济进入低增长阶段,政府宏观政策的多样化和有效性在经济周期中的调控作用不断提高.政府进行的新一轮财税制度改革既是应对全球经济低增长、国内经济换挡、中美贸易战等的重要举措,也是延续分税制改革、缓解土地财政压力和降低地方债务风险的必然结果.新一轮财税制度改革通过维持增值税"五五分享"比例以稳定和调整增值税留抵退税分担机制,后移消费税征收环节并稳步下划地方以保障地方财政收入和提高地方财政支出能力,减税降费以刺激企业创新,合理化收入分配制度以扩大内需,最终实现经济的稳定增长.新一轮财税制度改革取得预期效果,还需要完善转移支付制度、预算管理制度、债务管理制度、信息披露制度等,保障政策落到实处.     

A review of low template STR analysis in casework using the DNA SenCE post-PCR purification technique

LGC has developed a method for analysing low-level DNA samples called DNA SenCE (Sensitive Capillary Electrophoresis) based on post-PCR treatment of standard 28-cycle SGMplus PCR product and demonstrated to be equally effective at enhancing profiles as 34-cycle PCR. The method has been validated and accredited and used in casework since July 2007. Inherent in the method is the initial generation of a standard 28-cycle SGMplus profile so a direct comparison of standard and DNA SenCE results for all casework is possible. Here we review DNA SenCE casework, reporting the magnitude of peak enhancement and stochastic effects seen in the DNA SenCE profiles.     

SELF-CONTROL, CRIMINAL MOTIVATION AND DETERRENCE: AN INVESTIGATION USING RUSSIAN RESPONDENTS

With data from respondents in Nizhni Novgorod, Russia, we address the generality of self-control theory. We also assess two hypotheses. The first focuses on the attractiveness of criminal acts, that is, motivation toward crime. The second concerns the contention that the mediating link between self-control and criminal conduct is the failure of those with less self-control to anticipate the long-term costs of misbehavior. Although the magnitude of associations between self-control and indicators of criminal behavior is about the same in this study as it is in others, which suggests that the theory is not culturally bound, those associations are largely overshadowed by criminal attraction. Consistent with that, failure to anticipate costly long-term consequences does not appear to be the mediating link between self-control and criminal behavior: the evidence shows no tendency for sanction fear to be greater among those with greater self-control. In fact, sanction fear is modestly and significantly related to the crime measures independent of self-control, though sanction fear also appears to be influenced by criminal attraction. The results suggest that in the production of criminal behavior, motivation may be more important than controls inhibiting criminal impulses.     

当事人权利与法官权力的均衡分配——兼论民事诉讼的本质

程序自由主义之局限要求在当事人与法院之间重新分配程序控制权。当事人自主与法官职权在程序控制中的动态均衡 ,决定了不同诉讼结构、模式及其功能的差异。本文以英国民事诉讼中法官的职权作为考察模型 ,通过分析英国法官在民事诉讼中职权的强化、构成及特点 ,阐明了有关对抗制诉讼及程序控制权的普遍性误认 ,并就法官职权强化意味着对抗制终结之主张提出质疑 ,揭示了二大诉讼模式自我修正、不断靠近的融合趋势 ,并初步论及民事诉讼的本质。     

微量血痕的MN血型检验方法

本文介绍了两种微量血痕的 MN 血型检验方法。1.低温减压解离法的要点是:(1)剪取0.3～0.5cm 长的血痕纱线,用甲醇固定并分离;(2)置凹玻璃板凹内,加适合于检验血痕血型的抗 M、抗 N 血清;(3)在负压760mmHg 环境中吸收20分钟,再置4℃环境中吸收20～30分钟;(4)将凹玻璃板置冰块上用冷盐水洗涤血痕纱线;(5)吸干洗涤过的血痕纱线,滴加0.5～1%相应型的红细胞盐水悬液,减压解离20分钟;(6)用镊子夹起血痕纱线放在有两滴盐水的载玻片上,加盖玻片;(7)室温20分钟后,用显微镜观察。2.载片热解离法基本同第一法。不同点如下:(1)经洗涤后的纱线置载玻片上,加相应型的0.05%盐水红细胞悬液;(2)在56℃环境中解离10分钟。本文还测定了低温减压解离法的灵敏度,并对其室温解离原理进行了讨论。     

Reconsidering strain theory: Operationalization,rival theories,and adult criminality

Recently a revisionist view of strain theory's empirical adequacy has emerged which holds that the theory's explanatory power depends on how it is operationalized. With an adult community sample, we empirically assess three separate measures of strain to explain self-reported crime: the gap between aspirations and expectations, blocked opportunities, and relative deprivation. The findings reveal that the aspirations-expectations measure is not related to criminal involvement, while perceived blocked opportunities and feelings of relative deprivation significantly affect adult offending. These relationships, however, fail to persist after measures from competing theories (i.e., low self-control, differential association, and social bond) are introduced as controls in the regression equations. Thus, measures from rival theories offer a more fruitful approach to explaining self-reported adult offending.A version of this paper was presented at the 1993 American Society of Criminology meetings, Phoenix, Arizona.     

A Multi-Theoretical Framework to Assess Gendered Stalking Victimization: The Utility of Self-Control,Social Learning,and Control Balance Theories

Despite recent advancements in the criminological study of stalking, few theoretical tests have been conducted to date to explain stalking victimization among men and women separately. The current study individually and simultaneously extends three criminological theories to the study of stalking victimization: self-control, social learning, and control balance theories. Among a sample of 2,766 university students, a series of models were estimated for men and women separately to assess each set of theoretical variables net of control variables. Results reveal consistent significant positive relationships between stalking victimization and low self-control for men; differential peer association (e.g. friends are stalking victims) for men and women; and several social learning variables for only women. However, the control imbalance variables do not explain stalking victimization among men or women, net of other theoretical and control variables. The utility of a multi-theoretical approach to future stalking victimization research is discussed.