Unexpected Serotonin Syndrome,Epileptic Seizures,and Cerebral Edema Following 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐bromophenethylamine Ingestion

4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C‐B) is a designer drug. In Europe, 2C‐B is easily obtained and used for recreational purposes. It is known for its stimulating effects similar to those of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, although in higher doses it has more hallucinogenic effects. Here, we report a case of 2C‐B ingestion, confirmed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, in an 18‐year‐old man. The neurological consequences were severe, including the development of serotonin syndrome and severe brain edema. Supportive therapy resulted in a stable condition, although, after several months, the patient still suffered from severe neurological impairment due to the drug‐induced toxicity. This case showed that 2C‐B could not be identified with the drugs of abuse screening routinely used in Dutch hospitals. The use of 2C‐B carries many risks, with potentially profound neurological damage, that both consumers and healthcare physicians are unaware of.     

Two loci ‘exclusion’ of true paternity is due to genetic disorder in a child

We describe a paternity case with three genetic incompatibilities between a three-year-old boy and his putative father.STR analysis of 2 out of 25 markers revealed the absence of paternal alleles and presence of two maternal alleles at D2S441 and D2S1338 loci in the child. The rest 23 STR markers served to confirm paternity. In addition, we analyzed Y-STRs and determined the same haplotype in the child and his putative father.With massive parallel sequencing on HID Ion GeneStudio S5 System using Precision ID GlobalFiler NGS STR Panel v2 (Applied Biosystems) we confirmed the presence of two alleles of maternal origin at D2S441, D2S1338 loci and identified two maternal alleles at additional locus D2S1776 located on chromosome 2 in the child.Finally, we confirm paternity. Three loci ‘exclusion’ was due to maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 2 in the child.     

Experimental Study on the Postmortem Redistribution of the Substituted Phenethylamine, 25B‐NBOMe

2‐(4‐Bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25B‐NBOMe) is a substituted phenethylamine, which has become highly prevalent worldwide since 2014. Recently, in an autopsy case involving fatal 25B‐NBOMe intoxication, we found the postmortem increase of 25B‐NBOMe concentration in the cardiac blood approximately 2 days after death. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of 25B‐NBOMe and reproduce the postmortem redistribution using a rat model. Sprague‐Dawley rats were killed 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of 25B‐NBOMe (0.5 mg/kg) and left for 0, 3, 6, 9, 15, or 24 h (six rats at each time point). Postmortem 25B‐NBOMe concentrations in the cardiac blood increased by more than 10‐fold at 6‐h postmortem. 25B‐NBOMe accumulated primarily in the lung. Moreover, this postmortem redistribution occurred even in rats that had died 1 week following the 25B‐NBOMe administration. These findings indicate that attention should be paid to sample collection and data interpretation in the toxicological analysis of 25B‐NBOMe.     

Profiling the scent of weathered training aids for blood-detection dogs

At outdoor crime scenes, cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs may be tasked with locating blood that is days, weeks or months old. Although it is known that the odour profile of blood will change during this time, it is currently unknown how the profile changes when exposed to the environment. Such variables must be studied in order to understand when the odour profile is no longer detectable by the scent-detection dogs and other crime scene tools should be implemented. In this study, blood was deposited onto concrete and varnished wood surfaces and weathered in an outdoor environment over a three-month period. Headspace samples were collected using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS). The chemical odour profiles were compared with the behavioural responses of cadaver-detection and blood-detection dogs during training. Data interpretation using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) established that the blood odour could no longer be detected using SPME–GC×GC–TOFMS after two months of weathering on both surfaces. Conversely, the blood-detection dogs had difficulty locating the blood samples after one month of weathering on concrete and after one week of weathering on varnished wood. The scent-detection dogs evaluated herein had not been previously exposed to environmentally weathered blood samples during training. Given that this study was conducted to test the dogs' baseline abilities, it is expected that with repeated exposure, the dogs' capabilities would likely improve. The knowledge gained from this study can assist in providing law enforcement with more accurate training aids for blood-detection dogs and can improve their efficiency when deployed to outdoor crime scenes.     

Erhöhung des Unterhaltsvorschusses nach Beendigung einstweiligen Unterhalts durch endgültige Bemessung

Die Aufhebung einer einstweiligen Verfügung infolge Zeitablaufs nach § 399 Abs 1 Z 2 EO wirkt im Regelfall nicht auf den Zeitpunkt ihrer Bewilligung, sondern lediglich auf den Zeitpunkt des Fristablaufs – etwa den Eintritt der Rechtskraft des im Hauptverfahren ergangenen Urteils – zurück. Der erkennende Senat tritt nicht der formalistischen Auffassung bei, eine Entscheidung, mit der ein vorl?ufiger Unterhalt gem § 382a EO durch einen "endgültigen" ersetzt werde, sei keine taugliche Grundlage für eine (rückwirkende) Erh?hung des Unterhaltsbeitrags iSd § 19 Abs 2 UVG. Vielmehr schlie?t er sich der in 3 Ob 147/00i ge?u?erten Ansicht an, wonach aus den ma?gebenden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen nicht ableitbar ist, dass ein Exekutionstitel gem § 382a EO, der einer Vorschussgew?hrung zugrunde gelegt worden sei, "mit der endgültigen Unterhaltsfestsetzung … beseitigt" werde. Demnach kann ein aufgrund einstweiliger Verfügung nach § 382a EO gew?hrter Unterhaltsvorschuss erh?ht werden, wenn sp?ter ein erh?hter Unterhalt im ordentlichen Bemessungsverfahren festgesetzt wurde. Das gilt jedenfalls für Vorschüsse nach §§ 3, 4 Z 1 UVG.     

Linux环境下利用i节点收集电子证据的方法

1引言所谓电子证据,是指以数字的形式保存在计算机存储器或外部存储介质中、能够证明案件真实情况的数据或信息。作为一种新的诉讼证据,电子证据的收集与获取过程必须保证合法、确实、充分,只有这样才能准确的认定案件事实,才能正确的使用法律追究犯罪嫌疑人的法律责任。所以,电子证据的收集与获取工作是计算机案件侦破过程中一个十分重要的环节。电子证据收集通常包括寻找文件系统中的所有相关数据,利用磁盘分析技术进行数据恢复,检查磁盘文件被增、删、改的痕迹等工作。在Windows系列操作系统中能够用于电子证据收集的系统工具与应用软件…     

A New Index for the MMPI‐2 Test for Detecting Dissimulation in Forensic Evaluations: A Pilot Study

This pilot study is the starting point of a potentially broad research project aimed at identifying new strategies for assessing malingering during forensic evaluations. The forensic group was comprised of 67 males who were seeking some sort of certification (e.g., adoption, child custody, driver's license, issuance of gun permits, etc.); the nonforensic group was comprised of 62 healthy male volunteers. Each participant was administered the MMPI‐2. Statistical analyses were conducted on obtained scores of 48 MMPI‐2 scales. In the first step, parametric statistics were adopted to identify the best combination of MMPI‐2 scales that differentiated the two groups of participants. In the second step, frequency‐based, nonparametric methods were used for diagnostic purposes. Results: A model that utilized the best three predictors (“7‐Pt”, “L,” and “1‐Hs”) was developed and used to calculate the Forensic Evaluation Dissimulation Index (FEDI), which features satisfactory diagnostic accuracy (0.9), sensitivity (0.82), specificity (0.81), and likelihood ratio indices (LR+ = 4.32; LR? = 0.22).     

大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注Bcl-2蛋白的表达及其法医病理学意义

目的为心肌缺血/再灌注损伤所致心性猝死的法医学诊断提供形态学依据。方法运用免疫组织化学方法,研究Bcl-2蛋白在心肌组织中不同区域的表达。结果对照组正常心肌组织无Bcl-2蛋白表达。Bcl-2蛋白再灌注0.5h后即可在缺血区域表达,且表达主要在心肌内层。再灌注1h后可观察到Bcl-2蛋白不仅表达于心肌内层且已经扩展至心肌的全层。再灌注2h发现心肌外层表达明显强于心肌内层,随着再灌注时间的延长可以发现Bcl-2蛋白的表达逐渐减弱。结论在急性心肌缺血再灌注中,Bcl-2基因对心肌细胞凋亡的发生有着重要的作用,且可以作为心肌缺血再灌注的早期诊断提供一项辅助诊断依据。     

P2P网贷与债权众筹等同论之批判

P2P网贷与债权众筹等同论将其所谓的债权众筹与《JOBS法案》中的债权众筹相等同的做法,犯了混淆了其所谓的债权众筹与《JOBS法案》中债权众筹的概念的逻辑错误,误导了我国监管者介入P2P网贷的时机和策略,扭曲了P2P网贷风控制度供给与风险防范需求,引发了被监管者在《证券法》中的身份界定难题。《JOBS法案》中关于债权众筹的监管规则对我国P2P网贷来说不具有可移植性,证券监管体制也不适合我国P2P网贷的监管。为了避免等同论继续起不良作用,应抛弃该理论。