亚太安全与中国

90年代以来 ,美、中、日、俄和东盟“四国五方”关系构成了亚太多极格局的大体框架 ,并对亚太地区安全环境的全局产生影响。中国必须在对外关系中趋利避害 ,谋求发展。冷战后 ,中国在亚太地区的国际环境和周边环境有了很大的改善 ,但同时仍存在着许多不确定和不利的因素 ,将对中国的安全构成直接或间接的不利影响。     

“五四”前后科学观念的呈现与想象

"五四"前后,科学观念传播从一开始起,就僭越了自身的本质规定性,由技术层的物质保障提升为一种结束皇权、批判专制、重建价值的政治、文化行为,并在传统与现实的不断整合以及政治斗争的激荡下,被塑造为强有力的意识形态系统.     

五四时期女性经济角色的变迁

五四时期,在新的历史文化情境下,中国女性的经济角色出现了现代转型,这主要从新的角色期待与新的角色扮演两个层面展开。在角色期待方面,先进时人围绕“经济独立”与“女性就业”展开深入的阐释。在角色扮演方面,五四时期女性就业出现了新面貌,贯穿其中的争取职业平等的斗争尤其值得称道。     

近年来五四运动研究综述

为庆祝五四运动90周年,从2008年开始学术界掀起了五四运动的研究热潮,取得了丰硕的研究成果。这些成果概括起来集中于以下四个方面：五四内涵与精神的诠释;五四人物、群体、社团、刊物及思想的深挖掘;五四意义与作用的解读;五四争论与反思的再探讨。从以上四个方面出发对1年多来的五四研究成果进行考察,作一综述。     

Institutions and Morality Policy in Western Democracies

This article investigates whether different political institutions such as executives, legislatures, parties, party systems, judiciaries, decentralization, constitutionalism, and referendums across 24 Western democracies are venues for debate across five individual morality policies. Using data since 1945, the article compares three theories of morality policy—(1) Policy Type leading to different institutional venues; (2) Two Worlds of religious/secular party systems; and (3) U.S./European exceptionalism. In order, the most frequently debated issues are abortion, same sex marriage, euthanasia, stem cells/assisted reproductive technology (ART), and capital punishment. There is considerable variation in the institutions and country groups that debate them although fewer differences in the Two Worlds model. Abortion, euthanasia, and same sex marriage are the most convergent issues across institutions, party systems, and country groupings while capital punishment and stem cells/ART show the most diverse patterns of deliberation. The general Policy Type model of morality policy is upheld, but varies institutionally by specific issues. The Two Worlds model is of some importance, but only on three issues. There also are regional differences between the United States, Europe, and non‐European democracies.     

Power Sector Reforms and Technical Performance: Good News from an Instrumental Variable Analysis

Over the past three decades, various power sector reforms have overhauled the governance of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution in almost a hundred countries. Have these reforms produced benefits? Using instrumental variables, we improve upon earlier studies and demonstrate that power sector reforms enacted between 1982 and 2008 have both had large positive effects on the availability of generation capacity and reduced transmission and distribution losses. We also show that the positive effects on generation capacity are pronounced in developing countries and that hybrid reforms falling short of privatization and free competition are effective in improving generation capacity in particular. Overall, the results show that these reforms are an effective tool to remove an important constraint on economic growth.     

Opposing Energy Transitions: Modeling the Contested Nature of Energy Transitions in the Electricity Sector

Energy transitions are fiercely contested. The incumbents of the fossil‐ and nuclear‐based energy systems have much to lose from a transition to a sustainable and decentralized energy system. They therefore employ their material and political resources to reverse, halt, or slow down this transition. They also attempt to stop and reverse the decentralization of energy production. This article provides a framework that can be used to analyze the contestation that surrounds energy transitions. The analytical framework breaks apart the macro paths of energy transitions, and differentiates between three meso‐paths (political, economic‐technological, and legitimation), emphasizes the feedback processes between these paths, and acknowledges the crucial role that actors play in engendering these feedback processes. It uses Germany as a case study to illustrate the analytical model. It also provides hypotheses that will be tested in the subsequent contributions to this special issue.     

Senior Executives' Political Connections and Corporate Environmental Behavior—Empirical Research From the Chinese A‐Share Market

This thesis analyzed the cross‐section data of 630 non‐financial listed enterprises and adopts a logit model to estimate the relationships between political relations and corporate environmental behavior. The paper also adopts an ordered logit method to estimate the marginal impact of political connections to enterprises’ disclosure of information on environment and sustainable development. Through analysis, this thesis found that political connections lower the probability for enterprises to disclose information on environment and sustainable development. With the Level III scoring method, this article classified the performances of disclosing corporate environmental information into three levels. It is found that corporate political connections increase the probability for enterprises not to disclose any environmental information and lower the probability for enterprises to refer to GRI Sustainability Reporting Guidelines.