Detention under the Mental Health Act: balancing rights,risks and needs for services

Mental health law has to balance considerations of both justice, and health and welfare. In the political climate of the 1990s mental health services have become targeted on those with serious mental illness, to address the objectives of containing risks and limiting service expenditure. This paper identifies that increasing rates of detention under the Mental Health Act through the 1990s in a particular region, disproportionately involve longer-term detentions (under section 3), men, and people with serious mental illnesses. Those detained are likely to experience social difficulties. Changes in legislation are imminent, and the paper concludes that thought should be given to the amount of statutory intervention in the lives of seriously mentally ill people, and to the principle of reciprocity in relation to those coerced for lesser periods. Services should seek to address the issues of social exclusion which are reflected in the circumstances of those detained.     

论程序行政行为的可诉性——以规划环境影响评价公众参与为视角

程序行政行为,原则上不能单独对其提起行政诉讼。何种程序行政行为例外可诉,需要结合个案,对维护行政效能、保障公民程序权利和实体权益等因素综合考量才能确定。规划环境影响评价过程中,公众能否参与以及参与的形式和内容都取决于相关行政主体的程序行政行为。对于此种程序行政行为,在法政策的层面,有许可对其单独提起行政诉讼的必要性;在法解释的层面,对其提起行政诉讼不存在受案范围和原告资格方面的制度障碍。     

亲子关系诉讼中的亲子鉴定协力义务论——兼评《婚姻法解释（三）》第2条

亲子鉴定是解明亲子关系的利器。亲子鉴定协力义务属于公法性质的勘验协力义务,其义务范围和主体范围均较为广泛。亲子鉴定协力义务的法理依据有诉讼经济、证明妨碍及事案解明义务三个。是否科处被检人协力义务,在实体上应当本着保护子女最佳利益的原则进行利益衡量,在程序上应当具备一定的要件。被检人在具备正当理由时得拒绝鉴定,但不当拒绝的,可对其进行直接强制或间接强制。我国《婚姻法解释（三）》第2条意义积极,但也存在一些不足：适用条件不明确、当事人程序保障条款缺失、拒绝鉴定所生法律效果较为模糊、适用的主体范围偏窄以及与实体法没有很好地对接等。     

我国非常夫妻财产制之建构

夫妻财产问题愈渐在亲属法领域受到瞩目,因它兼具身份法与财产法之双重属性之特点,既引发研究者对亲属法基本理论的思考,又引发其对婚姻家庭制度的审视。基于完善我国夫妻财产制之目的,本文立足于《婚姻法司法解释三》1第4条之规定,既肯定其立法意义,又指出该条的立法不足,同时借鉴域外立法的科学合理性,在必要性与可行性基础上对我国非常夫妻财产制度做了简要建构。     

由萨班斯法案引出的我国企业内控法律风险防范简

2001年以来,美国相继爆出安然、世通等著名大公司财务欺诈的公司丑闻.针对公司财务及高管人员违法犯罪行为,做出有史以来最为严厉的惩罚措施.这些措施对公司结构治理、财务信息披露制度及公司资源合理配置将起到积极作用,对中国企业法律风险防控无疑也有重要借鉴作用.     

论“君子协定”下的婚内强奸——从婚姻本质说起

一般情况下丈夫与妻子发生性关系并不构成强奸罪.但在有正当理由下妻子可以拒绝丈夫的请求权,若丈夫使用暴力、胁迫或其他手段强行与妻子发生性行为应视情况以虐待罪、侮辱罪或故意伤害罪处罚.若夫妻处于诉请离婚阶段时,夫妻之间的婚姻契约因向法院起诉而宣告有随时解约的可能性,此时丈夫强行与妻子发生性关系属违背妇女意志,应视为强奸罪,但应转为告诉罪以区别一般的强奸罪.     

不法是客观的,责任是主观的?——对当下归属理论的一种质疑

“不法是客观的,责任是主观的”之主张既无法合理应对“中立”帮助行为的可罚性问题以及行为人主观上存在特别认知的侵害情形,也不契合处罚不能犯未遂的司法现状。“先客观后主观”的审查顺序在自然科学上的合理基础不复存在,权利保障理念与不法的客观性间也不存在必然关联。客观优先的审查顺位的优势主要体现在程序法而非实体法。主客观二分法并不现实:“目的性动词”使主客观要素无法完全割裂,主观要素缺位可能无法评价不法的有无,主观要素还能够影响到具体的不法类型判断以及行为危险的程度。主观故意和行为人的特别认知在不法判断中的地位已然无法撼动,至少在故意的作为犯中,客观归属论已名实难副。主客观二分式的犯罪构成模式并不符合事物的本来面目,两者也不存在绝对的先后次序,主客观相结合的不法判断才更加贴合实际。因此,应当重新审视责任要素的范畴,故意、目的等要素实际上应归入构成要件的领域。否定客观不法论,“不法与责任的区分”才得以真正确立。     

Leadership Styles as Perceived by Career Senior Service Executives

Abstract

This study identifies the prevailing leadership styles of career Senior Executive Service (SES) members of the Federal Government. This study also determines if an association exits between SES member's self‐perceived leadership style and personal characteristics, such as gender, years in the Federal Service, and highest academic degree earned. The study population consists of 6395 career SES members. A random sample of 364 career SES members was selected. The selected group was asked to respond to a demographic data questionnaire and the Styles of Leadership Survey (SLS). Over 34% of the sample completed the instrument and data questionnaire. This study reveals that Strategic Leadership Style (5/5) is the dominant self‐perceived leadership style of career SES members. The personal characteristics of gender, years employed in the Federal Government, and educational attainment were identified as being significant factors influencing leadership styles of Federal Government executives.     

Reaction to Grain Financialization: Protection of Farmer Client Rights about the Legislation on Grain Futures in China

Grain security should be emphasized to develop diversified grain market in the perspective of grain financialization, so as to realize the unification of grain spot market and futures market. New farmers should change from the traditional grain production to the hedging and risk aversion of the futures market and become the new and basic clients. Legislation on the grain futures should protect farmer rights for the unification with the rights of the grain futures company and the government financial security and grain security, which is guarantees the value of law to be free, fair and secure. Regarding the obviously weak position of farmers, major concern of academic study should focus on the frauds of grain futures company, such as the liability subject, subjective fault, fraudulent conduct, harmful aftereffect and causality. The Futures Act and Grain Act are supposed to contain the liability system that covers the civil liability, administrative liability, criminal liability and social liability in order to respond to the grain financialization effectively.     

马来西亚合同法论纲

由于历史原因,《马来西亚合同法》并非调整马来西亚合同关系的唯一法律渊源,英国普通法、交易习惯等都是其正式的法律渊源。《马来西亚合同法》比较全面地贯彻了合同自由、促进交易的理念,其受英国普通法、尤其是印度合同法的影响较深。