Resource Priority,Fairness, and Equality-Efficiency Compromises

A central issue in theories of social justice is the potential conflict between equality and efficiency in the distribution of resources. We suggest here that resource priority is a key factor that moderates the perceived fairness of equality/efficiency compromises in resource allocation. Participants were presented with scenarios involving a policy change that pitted equality against economic efficiency in the allocation of a variety of resources that differed in their importance levels (basic versus non-basic). We found that participants gave more weight to efficiency considerations at the expense of equality in distributing non-basic (higher-level) resources than in distributing basic resources. We discuss the priority hypothesis in connection with norms of justice, human motives, the need hierarchy (deficiency versus growth needs), the consumption of basic versus non-basic resources, and the legitimacy of allocation policies. The paper is based on portions of doctoral research conducted by Eviathar Matania under the supervision of Ilan Yaniv.     

The Intergenerational Transmission of Physical Punishment: Differing Mechanisms in Mothers’ and Fathers’ Endorsement?

We examined the intergenerational transmission of physical punishment (PP) and whether marital satisfaction moderated this transmission. Participants were 241 mothers and 107 fathers with a three year-old child who completed a semi-structured interview assessing their endorsement of disciplinary methods and the methods their parents used to discipline them. Marital satisfaction was assessed using the Conflicts and Problem Solving Scales. Different predictive models were obtained for mothers and fathers. For mothers, socioeconomic status (SES) and their own mother’s use of PP significantly predicted their current endorsement of PP. For fathers, SES and perceived harshness of childhood discipline predicted current endorsement of PP. Marital satisfaction moderated the intergenerational transmission of PP for fathers, but not mothers. Results indicated that PP by the same-sex parent and SES are important factors in its intergenerational transmission, and that the effects of childhood PP on current endorsement may be more direct for mothers and indirect for fathers.     

韩国“黄金单身女”现象研究——“黄金单身女”晚婚现象分析

现代社会以情感来判断婚姻理想的选择,但韩国社会在现实婚姻匹配结构中很大程度上仍延续着同类匹配的价值判断特征。而且社会经济地位越高,这种现象也就越普遍。女性学历的不断提升刺激他们参与到经济活动并获得经济独立,但同时也延迟了适婚年龄。本文主要从文化特征的维度分析在韩国工业化社会转型期中出现的专职女性晚婚现象。     

Cohabitation,Marriage, and Child Wellbeing: A Cross-National Perspective

Non-marital cohabitation has become widespread in modern, Western nations. It has led to dramatic declines in marriage rates and contributed to high levels of unwed births and lone-parent families, thus negatively affecting child wellbeing.

论苗族婚习同婚姻法的差异与调适

叙述了人们对苗族传统婚恋自由现象的误解,分析了苗族婚习与现行婚姻法的差异,提出了调适这些差异的方法,提出了在少数民族地区贯彻婚姻法应注意的几个问题。     

谁动了谁的奶酪？——《婚姻法解释（三）》不动产若干问题研究

《婚姻法解释（三）》在父母赠与不动产的问题上的规定充分考虑了赠与人的意愿,具有合理性。其第7条第一款实际上遵从了物权法规定的不动产归属原则,在一方父母赠与房屋的情况下,所有权归属应以登记为准。《婚姻法解释（三）》第10条不仅不会对女方不利,相反对于女性进行了一定程度的倾斜保护。其不是一种认定婚前个人财产的情形,而是确立了特殊情况下夫妻离婚后不动产的分配规则,在婚姻关系存续期间,不动产应由夫妻共同共有。何谓个人财产的＂投资收益＂、＂孳息＂和＂自然增值＂亟待法律加以明确,不动产适用善意取得制度并不会侵害共有人的生存权。     

论私法原则在行政合同中的运用

在民主行政的理念指导下,以行政合同为代表的一些非强制性行为被广泛运用。作为一种特殊的行政行为,行政合同的基本出发点在于尊重行政相对人的自主意志,维护行政主体和行政相对人合意的结果。行政合同虽然具有不同于私法合同的特点,但基于合同的共性,私法合同的基本原则对行政合同仍有适用的空间。     

关于我国夫妻约定财产制新规定的若干思考

夫妻约定财产制是我国婚姻法中的一项重要内容。新修订的婚姻法对夫妻财产制作了较大的修订和补充,但仍是从宏观方面和制度方面进行了规定,内容还是过于笼统,可操作性不强。主要缺陷体现在对约定的范围、约定的时间、约定是否可以变更或者撤销以及对外效力等问题上。     

Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers

The associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health among adolescent and young adult mothers were compared. The sample was drawn from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and participants were 672 mothers between the ages of 14 and 21. IPV was significantly positively associated with both depression and anxiety among young adult mothers. However, these associations were not found among adolescent mothers. In addition, IPV and marital status were significantly related among young adult mothers, but not adolescent mothers. Results suggest that IPV may have different consequences during different parts of the life course, or that mental health symptoms may be reported only later in life.

浅析李贽的妇女观及其深远影响

李贽尊重女性,反对男尊女卑和夫权压迫,反对贞操观念,反对“要求妇女守节”的吃人礼教,主张寡妇改嫁,敢于批判封建礼教,不但肯定女子有追求爱情的自由和幸福的权利,还肯定女子有和男子一样的读书受教育的权利,这是男女平等思想的最早萌芽。他在妇女问题上的独树一帜的观点,在当时是惊世骇俗的,对于后世也产生了深远的影响。