Marx’s critical political economy, ‘Marxist economics’ and actually occurring revolutions against capitalism

Abstract

Most revolutions against capitalism have occurred in ‘backward’ and Third World societies, and they have divided and disarrayed Marxisms in the West. One key reason, this paper argues, is intellectual. When, long ago, Marxists surrendered to the bourgeois challenge to Marx – neoclassical economics – developing, in place of Marx’s critical political economy, a ‘Marxist economics’, they lost touch with Marx’s analysis of capitalism as contradictory value production. That analysis could illuminate how capitalism’s contradictions drive its imperialist expansionism and how and why resistance to it must, equally necessarily, take national forms. As a result, major currents of Marxism in the West either have paid attention to imperialism and anti-imperialist resistance but without Marx’s analysis of capitalism as contradictory value production or have insisted that their (mistaken) conception of Marx’s analysis implies that capitalism has no necessary connection with imperialism. Neither tradition can actually develop Marxism to comprehend the actual historical record of revolutions since Marx’s time. Neither can inform new mobilisations against capitalism, whether in or outside its homelands. It is high time we return to Marx’s analysis of capitalism as value production and develop it.     

论“微时代”网络技术的异化

马克思的"异化"观点揭示了资本主义私有制条件下劳动产品及劳动对劳动者奴役的现象,现代科技"异化"是对马克思"异化"观的引申和发展。现代网络通信技术的发展在给人们生活带来极大便利的同时,又在一定程度上超出了人的控制,甚至成为支配、统治人的异己力量。要消除网络技术的负效应,必须凸显科技的人文关怀,推动网络技术的可持续发展,实现科技与社会的良性互动。     

“Idealismus不是幻想，而是真理”--马克思“博士论文”解读

“：博士论文”是马克思登上德国思想论坛的“亮相之作”。奠基于扎实的学术训练和哲学史梳理，马克思质疑和推翻了以往原子论研究中贬抑伊壁鸠鲁贡献的流行见解“，用显微镜去发现”和辨析了他与作为其思想先驱的德谟克利特在思维方式上的重大差异，借此表明伊壁鸠鲁代表的自我意识哲学“不是幻想，而是真理”，因为这种思维方式凸显了人的自我意识，在对客体的认识、解释甚至改变中来发挥了作为主体的意志、功能、力量和特质“。幻想”“、真理”云云，不是认识论层面的，而是价值论和人性论意义上的；举凡在观照和理解世界的诸多思维方式中，只有Idealismus在与物的对立和纠结中把人的价值和意义彰显出来了。     

近10年国内学界关于马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林妇女理论的研究述评

对近10年国内学界关于男女平等价值观的理论基础中有关马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林的妇女理论的相关研究成果与主要问题进行梳理可以发现，总体来看，10年来国内学界对马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林妇女理论的研究较之以往在广度与深度上均有所提升，但仍然存在诸多不足，有待进一步深入研究。     

Injustice,Violence and Social Struggle. The Critical Potential of Axel Honneth's Theory of Recognition

Abstract

Honneth's fundamental claim that the normativity of social orders can be found nowhere but in the very experience of those who suffer injustice leads, I argue, to a radical theory and critique of society, with the potential to provide an innovative theory of social movements and a valid alternative to political liberalism.     

重新审视马克思跨越思想的方法论意义

马克思的跨越思想,对于我们今天仍然具有十分重大的方法论意义：跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”走上社会主义道路应该是经济文化比较落后的国家社会发展合目的性的表现：跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”走上社会主义道路的国家必须遵循人类社会发展的最一般规律;必须注意防“左”,但是也要特别注意反“右”,在不同的阶段侧重点应有所偏重。     

马克思的国际贸易伦理思想研究

马克思的国际贸易理论是马克思的政治经济学的重要内容,探讨马克思的国际贸易理论中的伦理思想,有利于我们把握与理解马克思的国际贸易理论的精神实质。马克思认为,国际贸易是资本主义生产方式的必然产物,正是资本主义生产方式的发展,促使了国际贸易的发展与世界市场的形成。从马克思历史观的维度看来,自由与平等是国际贸易的核心伦理精神,信用是国际贸易的伦理基础与伦理保障,国际贸易的发展离不开自由与平等,也需要信用为其保驾与护航。此外,在国际贸易中也要讲人道,人道是国际贸易对贸易主体所提出的伦理要求。     

The social relations of money as universal equivalent: a response to Ingham

In a recent debate in Economy and Society, Ingham criticized Marxist theory of money on the grounds that it relates money to commodities through the labour theory of value, while ignoring credit money. Ingham suggested instead that money is constituted by social relations characteristic of credit, namely relations of ‘promise to pay’. Drawing on Marx, this article shows that, pace Ingham, it is necessary theoretically to relate money to commodities. Money is indeed constituted by social relations, but these are commercial relations among ‘foreign’ commodity owners, not credit relations. The social relations of money are successfully captured by Marx's concept of the universal equivalent, when that is interpreted as monopoly over the ability to buy. In this light, both commodity and credit money are forms of the universal equivalent, but qualitatively different from each other.     

马克思的社会结构理论及其现实意义

在哲学史上,马克思第一次使社会结构理论在唯物主义基础上奠基。对社会结构的研究,特别是对马克思主义经典作家的社会结构理论的分析,并进一步在社会结构的背景下揭示社会生活的各种现象及社会的基本特征,有助于我们从整体上把握错综复杂的社会现象,从而在现实意义上正确把握建设和谐社会的方向。     

国家与社会：马克思主义经典作家之阐释

马克思在批判地继承和发展黑格尔思想的基础上,形成了国家与社会关系的科学理论。继而,恩格斯、列宁等马克思主义经典作家又进一步丰富和发展了这一理论。该理论认为:社会决定国家,国家来自于社会;但国家又异化为社会的异己力量,并反过来控制了社会,从而出现了国家和社会的一体化现象;到了资本主义时期,社会开始摆脱国家的控制并恢复为一个相对独立的领域,从而出现了国家与社会的二元性分化;从最终意义上说,国家终将回归社会,实现与社会的统一。研究和学习国家和社会的关系理论,对于我们今天的改革具有重要的指导意义。