Crisis Management Europe: An Integrated Regional Research and Training Program

This article describes the Crisis Management (CM) Europe program that seeks to produce scientific knowledge that can be used also in order to train practitioners to cope more effectively with national and regional crises. Initiated in 1997 with a focus on the Baltic Sea area, the program has recently been broadened to cover all of Europe. The program documents and analyzes specific cases of national and regional crises. It relies upon a contextually grounded process tracing strategy for case reconstruction and dissection derived from relevant literatures in political science, psychology, and organizational sociology. To facilitate comparison and cumulation of case findings, a systematic four-step research procedure has been developed. Ten analytical themes of potential interest to both scholars and practitioners are identified as targets for structured focused comparison. More than a hundred cases have been studied by researchers working in research teams based in many European countries. Training tools have been successfully deployed in training practitioners from more than a dozen countries. An ongoing dialogue between academics and practitioners from across the Continent promises to make a contribution toward bridging the gap between these two different communities.     

医疗事故中的因果关系初探

医疗事故中的因果关系初探刘新社，刘明俊，唐承汉，张秦初Ａｆｅｗｗｏｒｄｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｃａｕｓａｔｉｏｎｏｆｍａｌｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ￥ＬｉｕＸｉｎｇｓｈｅ（ＦｕｃｕｌｔｙｏｆＦｏｒｅｎｓｉｃＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ，ＸｉａｎＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ...     

论强制性医疗损害赔偿保险制度的建立

通过对我国医疗损害赔偿给付现状的分析,对国外医疗责任保险及给付的比较,认为:只有通过立法来建立一种强制医疗损害赔偿保险制度才能较合理地解决医疗损害受害人损害赔偿的兑现问题,同时,又不使医疗法人的正常医疗行为因此受到影响;并进一步指出了建立该种保险制度所存在的问题和对策。     

医疗过失简论

传统过失犯理论(旧过失论)实质是以“结果无价值论”为其理论基础的。对医疗过失的认定方式无异于对医务人员课以事实上的绝对责任,不利于医学的发展及社会生活的进步。以容许危险理论为基础的新过失论,不仅重视结果无价值,更引入了行为无价值,从而缓和了过失犯的成立,对医疗事故的责任认定方式具有指导意义。     

The social construction of the legitimacy of Christian healing in Abidjan

ABSTRACT

Based on ethnographic work conducted recently in the city of Abidjan where religious pluralism and medical pluralism intersect, this paper lays out the foundations of Christian healing legitimacy as perceived by some key stakeholders. Against the background of the legal recognition of biomedicine and traditional medicine which with religious healing constitute the three major healing systems in Abidjan, the paper explores the anchorages of the legitimacy of Christian healing which lacks such explicit legal backing. Data are collected through semi-structured interviews of about 240 religious practitioners, medical professionals and beneficiaries of Christian therapies in the city of Abidjan. The major theoretical framework of this paper is the Weberian theory of the triple sources of legitimation complemented with historical and political economy approaches which attempt to link the development and functioning of therapeutic systems in Côte d’Ivoire with broader political, economic and historical processes. The main argument is that Ivoirians construct the legitimacy of alternative therapies in general, and religious therapies in particular, by building on the perceived limits of biomedicine, and its inability to respond to all their therapeutic needs. From a medical pluralism perspective, the pluralisation of offers signals the plurality of needs which has determined in our Ivoirian ethnographic context the appropriation of biomedicine, the resilience of traditional medicine and the current rise of Christian healing.     

医疗物品致人损害责任的举证制度研究

医疗物品致人损害责任是医疗损害责任的一种特殊形式,同时又具有产品责任的某些特点。对外,药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械致损的归责原则是无过错原则;而血液致损的归责原则是过错原则。对内,医疗机构承担的是无过错责任,因此在无过错时有权向最终的责任主体追偿。医疗物品责任实行的是谁主张,谁举证的归责原则,因此受损害方承担了证明医疗损害责任三个构成要件的证明责任;而医疗产品生产商和医疗机构都可以通过举证《产品质量法》规定的法定情况的存在而免责,但医疗机构不得对未投入流通这一情况而免责,血液提供机构承担了证明自己不存在过错的举证责任。为了更好的平衡举证责任和举证能力,我国应该对与证据价值密切相关的两个制度证据保全和医疗鉴定予以完善。     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Zumbansen , Ordnungsmuster im modernen Wohlfahrtsstaat. Lernerfahrungen zwischen Staat, Gesellschaft und Vertrag
Wesseling, The Modernisation of EC Antitrust Law     

循证医学及其对医疗侵权法律适用的影响研究

循证医学是一门讲究证据的方法学，除了可以改善医疗质量外，在医疗侵权法律适用中亦可能产生重要的影响。循证医学下的过错推定宜解释为“可推翻的推定”，依据循证临床指南应作为医师无过失的证据，循证医学的发展有利于医疗损害因果关系的判断。此外，对于我国关于循证医学的评价体系、循证医学与医疗损害鉴定，法官运用循证医学的能力等亦作了探讨。     

论医疗事故罪中的注意义务

医务人员的注意义务是医疗事故罪中最重要的问题,对注意义务的违反是医疗事故罪的本质。本文对医务人员注意义务中的相关争议问题,结合实际,从理论上进行初步探讨。