证明理性化与刑事定罪标准之调整——基于防控司法错误的视角

近年来,一些学者主张我国应吸收借鉴西方国家的排除合理怀疑的证明标准,客观地讲,该证明标准在西方确实能最大限度地防控错判无辜的司法错误,同时还可以兼顾错放罪犯的司法错误,但却是以一套科学合理的证明机制为配套的。鉴于我国现实的制度语境,庭审证明标准能否松动不仅在于语词的改换,更在于语境的转换与配套证明机制之完善。     

纠错机制缺失与苏共衰败探析

苏共的衰败最具本体论意义的是关于苏联模式,这一模式的产生和形成具有历史的合理性,也有长期运行后形成的严重弊端,关键是它纠错机制的缺失。苏共领导之所以没能构建和完善相应的纠错机制,一方面是当政的主要领导者自身没有认识其弊端并加以改革;另一方面是继任者对苏联模式的固守而屡失改革机遇,一错再错使得各种矛盾激化,最终爆发了经济、政治和社会危机而沉疴难起。     

企业员工激励的个性化发展

企业员工的个性差异、需要差别、价值取向不同,决定了激励向个性化发展。员工激励应与其贡献挂钩、与其需要联系、与其个性符合、与其发展一致。激励个性化原则包括灵活性的激励手段、多样化的激励方法、弹性化的激励方式、具体化的激励措施、高效化的激励效果。     

析教唆犯与间接正犯之间认识错误的认定与处理——以部分的主客观相统一原则为立场

对于教唆犯与间接正犯之间认识错误,中外学说和实务上皆形成观点聚讼。我们主张应以部分的主客观相统一原则为立场解决这个问题。这说明任何细小问题的解决,其实均离不开特定的价值立场。刑法学研究应自觉地穿行于问题与主义之间。     

Foucault,epistemology and history

This paper explores the way in which Michel Foucault utilized, re-worked and applied, in the field of the analysis of epistemological transformations, certain concepts from the history of the sciences that had been deployed the Bachelard and Canguilhem. More particularly, the paper focuses attention, on the one hand, upon the distinction between the present and the actual, from which derives the question of ‘recurrence’, and, on the other, on the idea of games of the true and the false.     

The long and the short of it: Electoral institutions and the dynamics of party system size, 1950–2005

While institutional theories of party system size are usually examined cross‐nationally, there is ample reason to expect that changes in electoral institutions will affect party system size within countries as well. Although some of this effect may occur immediately, most of the effects are likely to be realised over time and across subsequent elections. A series of error‐correction models examine the short‐ and long‐term effects of changes in electoral institutions on party system size. The results indicate that changes in electoral institutions do produce the expected effects on party system size, and that these effects occur mostly over the long term.     

公益保护、行政处罚与行政公益诉讼——杭州市药监局江干分局“撮合私了”案引发的思考

药监局"撮合私了"行为的实质是放弃处罚权的不作为违法。销售假药之违法行为严重损害了社会公众的用药安全,同时破坏了市场主体的公平竞争秩序。违法行为所侵害的公共利益具有潜在危险性和主体不特定性特点,只有通过行政处罚才能修复违法行为所侵害的公共利益,所以,应当原则上禁止"撮合私了"。《治安管理处罚法》第9条的规定只是这个原则的例外,是在违法行为社会危害不大的前提下,综合考虑受害人补偿、调查成本等因素的制度选择。基于行政执法程序天然的利益对抗不足之缺陷,为了纠正随意"撮合私了"之违法行为,保护社会公众的用药安全与公平竞争权,将来修改《行政诉讼法》时应当确立行政公益诉讼制度。