精神疾病患者强制医疗的证明标准研究

证明标准是强制医疗程序中的关键问题。在美国,一般以“清晰和令人信服”标准作为非自愿治疗最低限度的证明标准,从而排除适用民事案件的“优势证据”标准。我国《精神卫生法》并未建立强制医疗司法审查模式,而是由精神卫生机构行使强制医疗的决定权,强制医疗决定程序中的证明责任和证明标准问题均被淡化。在刑事强制医疗诉讼中,则应根据不同的证明内容设置不同的证明标准。     

Blame attribution and guilt feelings in violent offenders

Offenders with high psychopathic traits and/or antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are hypothesised to experience less guilt and less responsibility for their actions than offenders without these problems. These hypotheses were tested and partly substantiated. The study investigates blame attributions and guilt feeling using Gudjonsson Blame Attribution Inventory–Revised (GBAI-R) for 177 young male violent offenders. GBAI scores were compared to ASPD and psychopathy according to the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised. Results showed that individuals with ASPD and those with higher degrees of psychopathy tended to report significantly less guilt and higher degree of mental control than other subjects. Another finding was a weak relationship between ASPD, high scores on psychopathic traits and external attribution. We suggest these results might be explained by admitting poor mental control may be extra difficult for individuals belonging to either of these groups and that the external attribution items do not separate causal from moral responsibility.     

PTSD患者社会功能的影响因素及症状分布特点

目的探讨司法鉴定中PTSD患者影响其社会功能的相关因素及症状分布特点。方法对101例精神疾病司法鉴定诊断为PTSD的案例进行回顾性症状分析,并以社会功能缺陷筛查量表评估其社会功能缺损情况。结果 PTSD患者的年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、外伤史及案发至鉴定时间的社会功能缺损间存在统计学差异,不同性别间社会功能缺陷程度无统计学差异。情绪不稳、紧张、恐惧、睡眠障碍及外伤对患者的社会功能影响较大。结论 PTSD患者的社会功能缺损程度与年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、外伤史及案发后鉴定时间等存在一定关系,影响患者社会功能的症状分布较为广泛。     

警院大学生心理健康状况调查与分析

运用scl-90症状自评量表对新疆警察学院的900名学员进行问卷调查,结果显示：该学院大学生的心理健康水平低于国内常模,并且在性别、专业、年级上存在差异性。由此提出开展警察院校大学生心理健康教育的以下建议：营造良好的心理健康教育环境,全面开展心理健康教育工作;心理健康教育要注重性别、专业、年级的差异;建立完善的心理健康教育体系,帮助大学生寻求社会支持。     

Pathway to terrorist behaviors: The role of childhood experiences,personality traits,and ideological motivations in a sample of Iraqi prisoners

Radicalization to terrorism is a multifaceted process with no single theory or approach to explain it. Although research has focused on understanding the process, there is still a dearth of studies that examine an empirically driven pathway to terrorism behavior. This study examines a cross-sectional sample of incarcerated men convicted of terrorism in Iraq (N = 160). A questionnaire-guided interview included adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), conduct disorder (CD), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), religious and political ideology, views about causes of terrorism, and the severity of terrorist acts. Path analysis was employed to examine the relationships between these factors and to identify the model with the best fit. After adjusting for age, employment, and location, results indicated that ACEs positively impacted CD, ASPD, religious guidance, and terrorism attitudes. ASPD positively affected political commitment and terrorism attitudes, but inversely affected current religious commitment. Political commitment inversely influenced terrorism attitudes. Religious commitment positively influenced the prioritization of religion in life, which subsequently impacted terrorism attitudes and behavior severity. Additionally, attitudes toward terrorism directly affected the severity of terrorism behavior. All paths in the final model were statistically significant at p < 0.05. Although these findings may be limited in generalizability due to the unique sample, results support the complex and interdependent nature of childhood and adult experiences on the development of both terrorism attitudes and the severity of terrorism behavior.     

少数民族地区基层检察干警健康状况调查分析——以会理县人民检察院为例

通过调查会理县人民检察院检察人员的健康状况、查阅相关文献,结合检察工作实际情况进行分析,发现工作量大、心理压力大是影响检察人员身心健康的主要因素,同时提出相应的对策.     

Compulsory mental health care in Norway: The treatment criterion

The Norwegian government has chosen to retain a treatment criterion in the Mental Health Care Act despite the opposition of several user organizations. From a critical user perspective, the only reason for using coercion to require mental health treatment is that the individuals are in a state where they are an immediate danger to themselves and/or their surroundings. This articles aims, first, to provide an overview of research studies concerning the benefits or harmfulness of involuntary treatment after coerced admission and, second, to evaluate studies that try to compare involuntary with voluntary treatment. A systematic overview of studies of compulsory mental health care with regard to treatment criteria, coercion in mental health, and involuntary admission published over the last decade was examined in detail, along with a secondary manual search of references cited in identified publications. Few studies have been conducted on the effect of compulsory mental health care, and the results have been contradictory. More randomized studies are needed to document the kinds of effects that the use of compulsory treatment has on treatment results. Another issue that needs further examination is whether the use of coercion should be transferred to legal bodies with an adjudicatory process.     

癫痫所致精神障碍患者的犯罪学特征研究

目的探讨法医精神病学鉴定中癫痫所致精神障碍患者的犯罪学特征。方法采用自编法医精神病学鉴定案例登记表,对98例癫痫所致精神障碍患者的犯罪学特征进行研究。依据CCMD-3划分为精神病性症状组(51例,52.04%)、人格改变组(42例,42.65%)和智能障碍组(5例,5.31%),并对精神病性症状组与人格改变组犯罪学特征对照分析。结果癫痫所致精神障碍患者违法犯罪者以未婚、青年男性农民为主。其犯罪学特征主要是被鉴定人与被害人双方关系一般(44.9%),无作案前预谋(53.1%),作案目标临时确定(69.4%),使用暴力手段(88.8%),无明显作案诱因(67.3%),作案目的以报复居多(40.4%),现实作案动机(42.9%),作案结果既遂(89.8%),作案次数以1次为主(88.8%),作案类型以凶杀(46.9%)为主,作案后多无自称遗忘(65.3%),作案后多以停留现场、不潜逃等非反侦查表现(57.1%)为主。精神病性症状组和人格改变组在作案预谋(χ2=27.64)、作案目的(χ2=13.0386)、作案动机(χ2=23.5290)和作案后表现(χ2=19.3591)方面的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.005),作案目的以报复为主、作案动机以现实动机为主。结论癫痫所致精神障碍患者的犯罪学特征有多以无作案前预谋,多以报复为主要目的,作案后多无反侦查表现。与以精神病性症状为主要表现者相比,以人格改变为主要表现者多在现实动机下以报复为主要目的进行作案,因此在法医精神病学鉴定时应予重视。     

全面小康社会建设与犯罪防控体系构建的理论研究

走出犯罪预防的困境关键是要有新的理念。有序化是全面小康社会的内在需要。然而社会转型导致我国出现严重的社会失序状况,而犯罪是对秩序最极端的破坏。因此,要把构建犯罪防控体系作为社会治安秩序重建的一部分,把社会整合作为构建犯罪防控体系的基础,从整个社会发展和全面小康社会建设的整体的角度研究和构建犯罪防控体系,才能最终控制犯罪率的增长。     

Personality Profiles of Women in Multiple Abusive Relationships

Personality profiles of women with multiple abusive relationship histories (N = 42) were compared to either abused women with 1 abusive relationship (N = 33) or a control group (N = 52) on the Coolidge Axis II Inventory (Coolidge & Merwin, 1992, J. Pers. Assess. 59: 223–238), a self-report measure based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Women with multiple abusive relationships had higher rates and greater levels of dependent, paranoid, and self-defeating personality disorders than women in the other 2 groups. Women in multiple abusive relationships had significantly more depression, and women in this group with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had significantly more personality disorders than women with single abusive relationships with PTSD. Women in single abusive relationships did not exhibit more psychopathology than women in the control group with matched marital status. Theoretical and methodological issues, and treatment recommendations are discussed.