Trials of Women for Homicide in Nineteenth-Century England

This study examines the rates of trial of women on charges of murder at five yearly intervals from 1845 to 1900. Most women in the nineteenth century were charged with murdering their new-born infants or older children, though few were convicted. Also discussed are the rates of trial for charges of "concealment of birth," a charge frequently used when a jury was reluctant to convict an accused woman of the more serious charge of murder.     

ICF脑卒中核心分类组合功能的图形建模研究

目的依据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)》脑卒中核心组合,探讨脑卒中相关功能类目之间的关系,绘制ICF脑卒中核心分类组合的功能地形图,为脑卒中的伤残评定提供科学理论依据。方法收集106例脑卒中被鉴定人样本,采用"最小的绝对缩减和变量选择算子",研究脑卒中ICF核心组合功能的59项类目变量之间的条件依存关系,并用图形建模分析类目之间的内在联系,绘制功能地形图。结果 59项类目之间的相互联系构成了功能地形图,b340、b735、b175和b152因关联性较高而居于地形图的中心位置。结论脑卒中功能地形图可以揭示ICF功能类目之间复杂的关系结构及关联程度。可以为应用ICF进行脑卒中的伤残评定提供科学理论依据。     

职业安全卫生教育问题的探讨

造成职业伤害的主要因素之一是职业安全卫生教育的不足。安全卫生培训教育的最主要目标在于提高职工的安全卫生意识 ,为此 ,科学地传授安全卫生知识与技术 ,预防和减少职业伤害 ,是职业安全卫生教育所必须研究和解决的课题。     

精神发育迟滞者的刑事责任能力评定

本文对８０例精神发育迟滞有违法行为者的智力缺损程度、犯案动机、预谋、自我保护能力及对行为的辨认、控制能力等因素进行分析。鉴定结论，诊断为轻度精神发育迟滞者５８例（７２．５％），中度者１７例（２１．３％），重度者５例（６．２％）。评定无责任能力者１３例（１６．３％），限制责任能力４５例（５６．２％），完全责任能力２２例（２７．５％）。     

关于提升法学（医药卫生）专业社会效益的思考

随着社会的需求,法学（医药卫生）这一专业应运而生。然而,缺乏实践性的法学教育使得培养出的大量法科毕业生无法满足现实法律实务工作的要求,那么本期待能弥补法学教育实践性缺乏这一困境的法学（医药卫生）教育能否带来很好的社会效益呢？本文将针对如何提升法学（医药卫生）专业的社会效益这一新的现实问题,从几个方面提出自己的一些思考。     

公民健康权利与义务立法研究——兼评《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法(草案)》第2章

综观世界各国的立法实践,公民健康权利与义务大致呈现出单独式、专章或专节式、分散式三种立法模式。在立法内容上各国更为侧重确立和保护公民健康权利,对公民健康义务的规定则相对粗疏简略,除医疗服务获得权、知情同意权、隐私权与尊重医务人员及他人的义务、支付医疗费用的义务等部分权利、义务类型没有较大争议之外,各国均保有较大的差异性。我国应当系统整理现有医疗卫生立法及其他相关法律文件,将公民健康权利与义务协调规定在未来的民法典和"基本医疗卫生与健康促进法"之中,同时借鉴国外的先进经验,增设投诉权、病历查阅权和复制权以及爱惜健康、支付医疗费用、遵守医疗机构规章制度等权利与义务,并对儿童等特殊群体提供特别保护。     

Transfers from prison to hospital under Sections 47 and 48 of the Mental Health Act between 2011 and 2014

In England and Wales, prisoners with mental disorder of such severity as to warrant inpatient treatment may be transferred to hospital under the Mental Health Act. UK Government guidance recommends that this process should be completed within 14 days; however, evidence suggests that in many cases it can take much longer. This retrospective service evaluation of 64 male prisoners, who were transferred under Section 47 or Section 48, aimed to evaluate transfer durations. The mean time from referral to admission was 76 days. Prisoners with a psychotic disorder were admitted more quickly. Remand prisoners were admitted more quickly than sentenced prisoners. Findings suggest that, in the UK the transfer time of prisoners under Sections 47 and 48 of the Mental Health Act continues to far exceed the 14-day target which raises concern about equivalence of care for prisoners. Our findings support arguments for fundamental amendments to the admissions process.     

From ‘Doctor Knows Best’ to Dignity: Placing Adults Who Lack Capacity at the Centre of Decisions About Their Medical Treatment

In 1989, the House of Lords first derived a ‘best interests’ test for the medical treatment of adults who lack capacity from the doctrine of necessity and, now codified, the test continues to apply today. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 sets out a non‐exhaustive checklist of relevant considerations, but it gives no particular priority to the patient's wishes. There is also no formal expectation that the patient will participate directly in any court proceedings in which her best interests are to be determined. This article will consider the advantages and disadvantages of providing additional guidance to decision‐makers in order to help them navigate both taking seriously the wishes of people who lack capacity and, at the same time, not abandoning patients who need help and support. More specifically, this article advocates formalising current best practice in the Court of Protection through the introduction of a series of rebuttable presumptions, or starting points.     

Fear of victimization and health

Fear of victimization may have consequences for subjective well-being. I develop and test a model linking fear of victimization to subjective health. I hypothesize that two processes link fear to subjective health-psychological and behavioral. Specifically, I hypothesize that fear of victimization increases psychological distress, and fear decreases outdoor physical activity, especially walking. High levels of psychological distress and low levels of walking, in turn, are associated with poor self-reported health. I find empirical support for the hypothesized processes in a representative national sample of 2031 adults aged 18 to 90 interviewed by telephone in 1990. The negative association between fear and health is explained largely by psychological distress and walking. However, a significant direct effect remains. I conclude with suggestions for future research linking crime and health, focusing on the need for collecting information on community disorganization. Community context is likely the ultimate exogenous variable-the one that sets in motion the destructive cycle of fear, distress, inactivity, and poor health described here.     

精神病司法鉴定若干法律问题研究

精神病鉴定因涉及精神病医学、心理学、法学以及社会学等诸多领域的专门知识而呈现出复杂性。与其他医学学科相比,精神病医学的发展相对缓慢,在一定程度上制约了精神病鉴定制度的发展,甚至影响了鉴定程序启动的正常展开。精神病鉴定制度的不完善及其程序启动的失当又导致实践中出现精神病鉴定的乱象。从司法鉴定实践中可以发现,精神病鉴定本身的可靠程度以及刑事责任能力的评定与鉴定启动、鉴定结果选择等具有内在的互动性。尽管精神病鉴定制度无力解决精神病医学不发达的根本性问题,但科学的精神病鉴定制度对精神病鉴定技术、鉴定能力与鉴定质量的提高有较大的助益。