Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.     

牡丹皮中丹皮总苷的提取工艺研究

［摘要］目的 优选牡丹皮中丹皮总苷的最佳提取工艺。方法 以干膏得率和芍药苷的转移率为评价指标，采用正交试验法对提取过程中的溶媒用量、提取时间、提取次数进行考察。结果 最佳的提取工艺为：加8倍水，回流提取3次，每次1 h。结论 优选的提取方法适合牡丹皮中丹皮总苷的提取。     

小儿智力咀嚼片提取工艺研究

目的优选小儿智力咀嚼片的最佳提取工艺。方法以远志酸的含量为指标,利用正交设计法考察溶剂种类、溶剂用量、提取时间以及提取次数对实验的影响,确定最佳提取工艺参数。结果最佳提取工艺参数为:以60%乙醇为溶剂,加10倍量,提取0.5 h,提取2次。结论该工艺可用于小儿智力咀嚼片的提取。     

正交试验法优选通窍活血颗粒剂的提取工艺

目的 优选通窍活血颗粒剂的提取工艺.方法 采用正交试验法,以通窍活血颗粒剂中的干膏得率、芍药苷和羟基红花黄色素A含量作为考核指标,优选提取工艺中的加水量、煎煮时间和煎煮次数3个因素.结果 优选出的最佳提取工艺为:加8倍量的水,提取2次,第1次1.5 h,第2次1 h.结论该提取工艺稳定、可行.     

正交试验法优选桔梗非药用部位多糖的提取工艺

目的 优选桔梗非药用部位多糖的最佳提取工艺。方法 以桔梗多糖得率为指标，采用正交设计法考察料液比、浸提次数、浸提时间对提取工艺的影响，以确定最佳提取工艺。结果 最佳提取工艺参数为：加25倍量水，提取3次，每次1 h。 结论 优选的提取工艺稳定、可行。