Trade Unions and Employment Relations in Italy during the Economic Crisis

Abstract

Many of the usual assumptions about the impact of the economic crisis on trade unions and employment relations only partially fit the Italian case. Trade unions during the crisis showed resilience both organisationally and as important actors in economic and political life. Also, the national industry level reaffirmed itself as the key level in industrial relations. Explanations of these unexpected outcomes have to do with some features of all three actors of Italian employment relations. Trade unions have become over time a relevant actor not just in the industrial relations arena but in several other spheres of Italian society and politics. As to employers, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have tended to prefer national sectoral-level agreements and set rather low wage standards, while employers’ associations have shown an organisational interest in preserving centralised bargaining where they play a role. Finally, governments have been too weak and short-lived to follow a consistent strategy of unilateral decision-making.     

政治与行政两分理论的跨文化对话

政治与行政二分法是西方国家行政学中一个有经久影响力和讨论价值的理论,被专家们认为是行政管理实践的核心要点。本文运用这一理论的基本原理来考察中国的国家管理实践,揭示其分析价值,沟通东西方管理思想的对话。笔者提出,如果理解正确、运用恰当,西方政治与行政两分的讨论可以为中国进一步的行政和公共政策改革提供十分有益的视角和思路,即：注重政治与行政的专业化分工、加强独立问责、以民主政治和精细化管理的精神改革中国的政治决策程序和提高政府机关的行政能力,综合提高现代国家治理能力。     

父权的延续——基于对农民工家庭的质性研究

基于对34个农民工家庭的质性研究发现,农民工夫妻共同外出后,夫妻间的性别关系并没有发生根本性改变,原有的不平等关系复制到了城市。不平等关系得以延续的原因有:农村社区中传统的劳动性别分工及性别规范对农民工夫妻的影响并没有减弱;受家庭本位观念的影响,家庭的整体利益抑制了农民工夫妻对各自利益的追求;农民工夫妻基于各自的能力进行分工,夫妻间能力的差距不仅没有缩减反而有扩大趋势。     

公共对话式政策执行及其支持性维度分析

顺应当前的行政民主化浪潮,政策执行中引入对话协商,即公共对话式政策执行,代表了政策执行领域的一种对话性转向,具有重要的理论与现实意义。公共对话式政策执行的支持性维度包括:动机性维度——利益偏好,保障性维度——行动与信任合作,政治性维度——话语民主,情境性与能动性维度——社会建构。这些支持性维度与公共对话式政策执行之间存在着双向的促进作用,共同推动实现政策执行过程的合法性与有效性。公共对话式政策执行这一议题是一个初始性研究,存在诸多有待进一步思考与分析的问题,但公共对话本身所蕴含的巨大潜力,表明其将有着良好的发展前景。     

基于社会性别的劳动力迁移与农村留守老人的生活福利——基于劳动力流入地和流出地的调查

大规模的劳动力外迁不仅加速了农村地区的老龄化,也给农村传统的家庭养老带来了深远的影响。利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所在安徽省巢湖农村地区进行的"安徽省老年人生活福利状况"的四期追踪调查数据和在广东省深圳市进行的"外来农村流动人口"抽样调查数据,同时面向农村人口流入地和流出地,基于社会性别视角,研究农村劳动力外迁对农村留守老人生活福利的影响。研究表明,目前的农村家庭养老表现出传统和变革共存的特征;子女外迁给农村老年父母的生活福利带来双面影响,使得老年人获得的经济支持增加的同时,也造成了对老年人的生活照料和情感支持的减少,加重了老年人照料孙子女的负担,影响了老年人的健康福利;子女在城市外出务工带来了传统孝文化的弱化,但女儿的养老功能得以增强,长期低生育率条件下发生的大规模农村人口流动使得传统依靠儿子养老的家庭养老模式开始发生转变。本文最后探讨了在劳动力外流背景下政府提高农村留守老人生活福利的政策建议。     

Theorizing identity: beyond the ‘us’ and ‘them’ dichotomy

ABSTRACT

Yuval-Davis discusses three interconnected questions relating to identity. She first examines whether and in what ways the notion of identity should be theorized, on the one hand, and empirically researched, on the other, focusing on the opposing views of Stuart Hall and Robin Williams. She then examines the contested question of what is identity, positioning it in relation to notions of belonging and the politics of belonging, and in relation to several influential schools of thought, especially those that construct identity as a mode of narrative, as a mode of performativity or as a dialogical practice. Her third interrelated question concerns the boundaries of identity and the relationship between self and non-self. She explores both social psychological and psychoanalytical approaches to that question, and deals with questions such as reflexivity, identifications and forced identities. The last part of the article explores several types of relationships between self and non-self, such as: ‘me’ and ‘us’; ‘me/us’ and ‘them’; ‘me’ and other ‘others’; ‘me’ and the transversal ‘us/them’. Yuval-Davis's basic argument here is that dichotomous notions of identity and difference, when theorizing boundaries of individual and collective identities, are more misleading than explanatory.     

Falling from the sky

Back examines the human costs of immigration policy through recovering the stories of the desperate stowaways who are literally falling out of the skies over London. Some 3,000 people have died trying to gain entry to Europe. These are the human costs of contemporary forms of immigration policy. Back attempts to problematize the ways in which the global movement of people is understood within an immigrant/host framework. He argues for an alternative way of thinking about the movement of people, culture and imagination in the context of globalization.     

Dealing with Diversity in the Construction of Indigenous Autonomy in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca

Building autonomy in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca has not depended on the development of Zapotec ethnic identities, isolation or rejection of the integration of outsiders into the communities. The communities of Ixtlán and Guelatao have developed strong local identities and strategies related to the appropriation of external legal categories, and the combination of these with their own customary practices to integrate newcomers into their social, political and economic organisation. Dialogue has been one of the main tools for building autonomy and achieve the integration of outsiders, while continuing the dynamic reproduction of their internal organisation and way of life.     

走向大众对话时代的艺术--当代审美文化理论视野中的艺术话题

当代艺术的大众化努力,标榜并正在不断实现着艺术与当代大众的广泛对话,其基本核心是艺术活动、艺术家、艺术作品与当代大众日常生活状态之间的相互趋近和认同,艺术、艺术家和大众由此获得了共同体验和表达对于当代生活/世界的情感与文化价值态度的新的可能性.这种艺术的大众化努力,在与大众对话进程中将成功地架设艺术自身与大众日常生活的文化通道,日渐改变艺术的传统职责,并在当代审美文化中实现现实生活方式向艺术活动、日常生活经验向艺术经验的"跨越".     

“我与你”的心理学心理学的三种话语形态

在心理学的研究中存在着三种话语形态,即"我的"心理学,"你的"心理学,"我与你的"心理学.不同的话语形态蕴含了不同的研究模式,研究者与研究对象的关系是"我"、"你"的关系."我"、"你"长期各自为阵,成为两极.话语上的割裂最终导致了心理学的科学性与现实性的割裂.只有在"我与你"的话语形态中,通过对话,才能将心理学研究的科学性与现实性有机地统一起来.