Private Interest Governments are Dead. Long Live Private Interest Governments? Lessons from Swiss Cows

This article looks at the most recent developments of the interest associations in the Swiss dairy sector. In the past, these had become famous as so‐called “Private Interest Governments” (PIGs) in which interest associations were equipped with public authority. The initial abolition of the PIG of the Swiss dairy sector in 1999 resulted in a significant and disruptive weakening of the traditional actors which were consequently transformed into liberalised service‐oriented organisations, and it seemed that the Swiss dairy sector could be an example of a long‐time “path” which had come to an end. However, more recent developments, which were partially induced by the associations themselves and partially coincidental, have led to the emergence of a “differentiated PIG”. Although associational governance has not been completely re‐introduced, and the sector remains largely liberalised, the example shows that a path which has been followed for more than 80 years cannot simply be reversed and replaced by a new path, and that deeply institutionalised structures can partially survive if a “window of opportunity” opens.     

贵州民族地区培育茶叶支柱产业问题的思考

当前,有关民族地区国民经济支柱产业问题正在深入开展研究,其中一个主要内容,就是进一步加快茶叶产业的发展,这不仅对当前贵州支柱产业的培育和选择至关重要,而且是加快民族地区经济发展进程的主要内容。     

加快培育和发展三峡库区绿色生态产业

面对21世纪全球产业结构软化和绿色化的趋势,三峡库区必须摒弃资源消耗型与环境污染型的线性经济增长方式,大力培育和发展三峡库区绿色生态产业。这是三峡库区严峻的生态环境及其在长江流域及整个中国重要的生态屏障地位所决定的。为此,本文提出生态文明理念等五个方面对策。     

财产所有权保障与清代锦屏人工林业经济繁荣

对专有财产权的有效保障能够促进经济繁荣,该理论不但在西方社会得到了验证,同样在清代偏僻的贵州少数民族地区也得到了确认。锦屏林业契约对家庭林业所有权的保护促成了当地林业经济繁荣。     

关于城市建筑业农民工组建工会的探索

随着国家社会结构和社会生活的深刻变化,我国工人阶级队伍的组成结构也发生着巨大的变化,特别是大量农村进城务工人员已成为工人阶级的新成员,这在建筑业尤为明显,他们已成为建筑业生产一线的主力军。把他们尽快组织到工会中来,维护他们的利益,提高他们的觉悟和意识,使其养成工人阶级的优秀品质,是关系到夯实党的阶级基础,扩大党的群众基础的大问题。     

加强东北亚区域合作促进黑龙江省老工业基地振兴

当前黑龙江省在振兴东北老工业基地的过程中 ,进入了一个新的战略机遇期。要抓住这一机遇 ,必须从国际市场的导向、全国的战略布局以及黑龙江省的主要优势出发 ,加快老工业基地调整改革步伐 ,通过产业合作实现黑龙江省与东北亚经贸合作的战略升级。以国际市场为导向调整产业结构 ,发展外向型特色产业 ,以提高企业和产品在国际市场的竞争力。     

调整中的俄罗斯国防工业--结构调整中的经济理性和政府的作用

苏联解体之前就开始了国防工业的军转民过程,十多年过去了,整个世界的地缘格局发生了翻天覆地的变化,前苏联的领土范围内也出现了从政治到经济的剧烈变革,作为前苏联国民经济中技术经济潜力最大承载体的国防工业综合体也在发生着巨大的变化,诸如私有化、军转民等。但由于行业的变化处在一个剧烈变革的转轨年代,整个行业的变化呈现出一种不同于西方国家国防工业转型的新特点。分析转轨以来俄罗斯国防工业的发展状况,探讨其国防工业生存和发展过程中存在的问题、原因和发展的经济理性所在,对我们认识俄罗斯国防工业的转型能有更深刻的了解。     

The evolution of security industry regulation in the European Union

ABSTRACT

The European private security sector has grown from a handful of small companies at the end of the Second World War into a multibillion Euro industry with thousands of firms and millions of security staff. In Europe, the demands for security is not just expressed notionally but also officially in The European Agenda on Security stating the European Union (EU) aims to ensure that people live in an area of freedom, security, and justice. This article will begin by exploring the role of private security in society. It will then move on to consider the main phases in the development of private security regulation in Europe. Following on from this, some of the main areas of policy development will be considered, such as European bodies, initiatives, and standards. Finally, the article will explore some of the potential options for the future in better regulating the European private security sector. From a historical perspective, the evolution of private security regulation can be divided into three phases: the laissez-faire, the centrifugal, and the centripetal era – each with its own distinct characteristics and impact on the concurrent industry. In the EU where there is the legal framework for the development of a single market in services, the key social partners have been at the forefront of developing a series of standards and guidance documents which promote standards across borders at the European level. However, the institutions of the EU have been reluctant to intervene at a European level in setting minimum standards of private security regulation. Thus, the changing terrain of the EU relating to security, regulation, and the private security industry means the current trajectory may be in need of an injection of more radical thought and consideration.     

我国网络环境下隐私权法律保护初探

计算机信息网络技术的发展使得网络空间的个人隐私权受到前所未有的严峻挑战,这种状况已经严重阻碍了电子商务和网络经济的进一步发展。我国现行法律未把隐私权作为一项独立的民事权利加以规定,由于立法依据的缺失,导致网络用户的网络隐私权遭受侵犯时无法律上的救济,这迫切要求我们根据本国国情,在借鉴发达国家网络隐私权法律保护模式的基础上,构建起我国网络隐私权的法律保护体系。     

构建我国反垄断行政执法体制的思考

一部法律的执行体制是否健全、合理,是否能发挥其相应的作用,是判定该部法律能否成为真正有效的法律的依据.我国反垄断法对行政执法体制及相关内容的规定并不十分明确.为了构建科学合理的反垄断行政执法体制,应该考虑一些重要因素和应遵循的基本原则,着重处理好各执法机关之间的关系、执法机关与行业监管机构的关系,同时还要进行合理的权力配置.