母语对第二语言词汇习得的影响探究

无论是母语还是第二语言,词汇的习得都是一个终生的认知过程。对课堂环境下的二语词汇的习得的过程和特点与母语进行对比分析研究,发现中国学生英语词汇习得过多依赖母语,造成了第二语言词汇能力僵化,从而使第二语言词汇的习得停滞不前。     

The Language of Miranda Warnings in American Jurisdictions: A Replication and Vocabulary Analysis

Miranda warnings are remarkably heterogeneous in their language, length, and content. Past research has focused mostly on individual Miranda warnings. Lacking in generalizability, these studies have limited applicability to both public policy and professional practice. A large-scale survey by R. Rogers et al. [2007b, Law and Human Behavior, 31, 177-192] examined Miranda warnings from across the United States and documented striking differences in the length, content, and reading comprehension. In moving from single jurisdiction studies to nationally representative research, the replication of the Rogers et al. survey is essential. With an additional 385 general Miranda warnings, most of the original findings were confirmed; this replication allows Miranda researchers to use findings based upon nationally-representative warnings for their subsequent research. Beyond reading comprehension, the study makes an original contribution to the understanding of Miranda vocabulary that is often infused with abstruse words and legalistic terms. It provides the first analysis of sentence complexity, which affects both Miranda comprehension and retention. As a result of these analyses, preliminary guidelines are provided for increasing the comprehension and understanding of Miranda warnings.     

Legal Decisions of Preadolescent and Adolescent Defendants: Predictors of Confessions,Pleas, Communication with Attorneys,and Appeals

While there is an increasing recognition that developmental differences may exist in legal decision-making, little research has examined this. This study examined the legal judgments of 152 defendants aged 11–17 (73 females, 79 males). Adolescents aged 15 and younger were more likely than older adolescents to confess and waive their right to counsel, and less likely to report that they would appeal their case or discuss disagreements with their attorneys. Also, while adolescents aged 15–17 were more likely to confess, plead guilty, and accept a plea bargain if they perceived that there was strong evidence against them, younger defendants’ legal decisions were not predicted by the strength of evidence. Importantly, defendants with poor legal abilities were more likely to waive legal protections, such as the right to counsel and to appeal. Defendants from below-average socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to waive their interrogation rights, and defendants from ethnic minority groups were less likely to report that they would disclose information to their attorneys. The advice of attorneys, parents, and peers emerged as important predictors of plea decisions. None of the defendants reported that their parents advised them to assert the right to silence during police interrogation.     

评价理论在大学英语教学中的应用探析

评价理论是系统功能语言学理论中关于人际意义研究的新发展,该理论通过对语言的分析来评价语言使用者对事态的立场、观点和态度。本文通过评价理论与大学英语教学结合性研究发现：评价理论在大学英语学习过程中,尤其在英语词汇教学、阅读教学、以及英语修辞和文体意识培养等三个方面,具有建设性的应用价值;评价理论与大学英语教学结合是提高大学英语授课与学习效率的新出路。     

浅谈大学英语词汇教学方法

本文通过对英语词汇教学的历史发展和大学英语词汇教学存在的问题,探讨了英语词教学方法的发展趋势,分析、介绍了词汇教学方法的趣味性和多样化,总结和归纳了科学规律法、趣味法等一些英语诃汇教学方法.