越战后美国对印支难民的安置与其地区分布分析

在印支3国(越南、柬埔寨、老挝)1975年后出现的难民潮中,有大批人移居美国。美国出于现实利益需要和人道主义原则而接纳了他们。最初的难民在经过收容中心后,被安置到全国不同的居留地。他们跟着又与后来的难民分别通过家庭团聚、政府的"疏散政策"以及重择高福利居留地等方式,先后进行"二度移民",从而形成了印支难民在美国地区分布的基本格局。这一分布是高度不平衡的,高集中性的。     

环境权实施机制模式研究

环境权的实施机制对于预防和解决环境问题,维护人类的环境利益具有实际意义,但现有的理论并没有为环境权的实施机制提供一个可供借鉴的成功模式,我们认为,环境资源的市场配置、政府环境公共物品的提供、环境权与传统权利冲突的解决以及程序性权利的完善与享有构成了环境权实施机制的主要框架。     

State-owned enterprises,state capitalism and social distribution in Singapore

State-owned enterprises and sovereign wealth funds have ‘insured’ Singapore's domestic economy against financial crisis and restructuring interventions from multilateral institutions, engendered elite cohesion and political stability, binding middle class employees to the political system. This essay analyses paths by which the Singapore government established state-owned enterprises and transformed them into global enterprises. It also examines how sovereign wealth funds contribute to government social expenditure without increasing taxes. Such redistribution through state capitalism resonates with the People's Action Partys social democratic origins, inviting comparisons with contemporary developments in Chinese state-capitalism.     

Fatal intoxication with 1,4-butanediol: Case report and comprehensive review of the literature

A fatal case of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) oral ingestion is reported here, in which a 51-year-old man was found dead in his bed. According to the police report, the deceased was a known drug user. A glass bottle labeled (and later confirmed to be) “Butandiol 1,4” (1,4-BD) was found in the kitchen. Furthermore, the deceased's friend stated that he consumed 1,4-BD on a regular basis. The autopsy and histological examination of postmortem parenchymatous organ specimens did not revealed a clear cause of death. Chemical-toxicological investigations revealed gammahydroxybutyrat (GHB) in body fluids and tissues in the following quantities: femoral blood 390 mg/L, heart blood 420 mg/L, cerebrospinal fluid 420 mg/L, vitreous humor 640 mg/L, urine 1600 mg/L, and head hair 26.7 ng/mg. In addition, 1,4-BD was qualitatively detected in the head hair, urine, stomach contents, and the bottle. No other substances, including alcohol, were detected at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. 1,4-BD is known as precursor substance that is converted in vivo into GHB. In the synoptic assessment of toxicological findings, the police investigations and having excluded other causes of death, a lethal GHB-intoxication following ingestion of 1,4-BD, can be assumed in this case. Fatal intoxications with 1,4-BD have seldom been reported due to a very rapid conversion to GHB and, among other things, non-specific symptoms after ingestion. This case report aims to give an overview to the published of fatal 1,4-BD-intoxications and to discuss the problems associated with detection of 1,4-BD in (postmortem) specimens.     

A study of dispersion of gunshot residue from a frequently used Serbian ammunition cal. 7.65 mm to support selected aspects of casework in North Macedonia

The subject of this research was the inorganic gunshot residue component collected from shooting patterns obtained on woven cotton cloth using a Pietro Beretta model 70 pistol, cal. 7.65 mm and Serbian ammunition for the following muzzle-to-target distances: 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 cm. For each distance, three rounds of shooting were performed. Particles were lifted within a 10 cm radius of the projectile entrance and automatically analyzed using a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersion X-ray spectrometry. The obtained data on the populations of particles were analyzed taking into account their numbers, chemical classes and sizes. The results showed an apparent maximum incidence within all particles containing barium at about 50 cm distance. Also, lead particles revealed a distinct behaviour, being dominant at a 25 cm distance, falling below the other chemical classes, and finally becoming dominant again at 125 cm. The analysis of the frequency of occurrence of particles sorted according to their sizes confirmed that the small particle population is the largest, and their distribution in function of the equivalent circle diameter is exponential-like. The obtained results provided knowledge on the distribution of particles in the vicinity of the tested firearm and ammunition cal. 7.65 mm which generally corroborates with similarly studied GSR distributions obtained for the use of pistols cal. 9 mm. This information, together with the examinations of gunshot damages and other types of residues such as soot or unburned propellant grains may support qualitative inferences on shooting distance estimation, especially in cases, when the firearm and cartridges are not available to perform test shooting. In such cases even roughly estimated shooting distance can be helpful, e.g. for confirming or excluding the possibility of self-inflicted injuries or suicide and infer on the mutual position of the shooting stage actors. An example of casework that illustrates intermediate shooting distance estimation is presented.     

论信息网络传播权的刑法保护——以知识产权犯罪司法解释为切入点

根据我国著作权立法中复制发行权和信息网络传播权的构成,可以认定,“复制发行”与“信息网络传播”行为必然是互不包容的两类行为,两高的司法解释将“信息网络传播”行为视为著作权罪中的“复制发行”行为,属于类推解释。类推解释使罪刑法定原则在刑法司法解释领域的贯彻面临困境,刑法司法解释应避免类推制度借类推解释还魂的现象。     

吗啡染毒大鼠死后体内吗啡的分布研究

作者采用免疫组织化学（PAP）法观察慢性吗啡染毒大鼠死后，在不同时间尸体内吗啡公布的变化。发现随着死后时间的延长，吗啡在大鼠CNS的分布无明显改变；其它内脏器官组织中吗啡分布则有明显改变；内脏脂肪组织原未查见吗啡，随死后时间延长，吗啡含量增加．证实大鼠染毒死后尸体内吗啡存在重分布现象。初步讨论了死后体内吗啡分布的变化与死后时间的关系，为吸毒致死后尸检取材提供依据。     

公共政策的价值目标与公正原则

公共政策的价值目标在于捍卫和促进社会公正 ,社会公正的完整内涵包括四个层次 :即 ( 1)公民基本权利的平均主义分配 ,( 2 )经济活动收益的效率主义分配 ,( 3)社会底线需求的平均主义分配 ,以及 ( 4)促进社会和谐的综合回应分配。其中 ,第一层次优先于其他三个层次 ,第四层次是对前三个层次的有效补充。     

基于风险控制的职业健康和安全管制权力配置研究

职业健康和安全管制本质上属于社会性管制的范畴,其管制过程受到经济市场个体理性与政治市场制度选择的双重影响,这两个要素之间也存在着相互影响、相互制约的关系。权力配置作为外生性制度环境的要素基础,对内生性的经济市场理性具有调节作用,并决定着管制风险的发生概率和管制均衡的实现程度。论文从风险控制与效率优化的角度分析了职业健康和安全管制权力配置的边界、形态及其对权力协作、管制均衡所产生的影响。论文以此为分析框架,分析了不同时期中国职业健康和安全管制的权力配置形态、效率状况及风险控制等问题。论文认为,中国职业健康和安全管制的权力配置应实现由多元分散式协调管理模式向一元单向式综合管理模式的转变。     

国家财政性教育经费地区分配问题研究

2012年国家财政性教育经费占国内生产总值比例达到4%,这是我国教育史上的一座丰碑。随着国家财政性教育经费数量的不断增长,经费的地区分配问题就越显突出。文章对我国东部、中部和西部地区过去14年间的国家财政性教育经费分配状况进行实证研究,发现经费分配自身及其所引发的问题,提出合理分配国家财政性教育经费应做到"一延续、二提高、三扩大、四发展"。