两株乙型脑炎病毒的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究

2009年从四川多个地区的猪场采集流产死胎及库蚊样本12份,采用BHK-21细胞培养方法分离出2株乙型脑炎病毒,分别命名为JEV-CZ1与JEV-YA1,PrM/C基因与疫苗株SA-14-14-2的同源性分别为90.9%与99.6%,基因分型研究显示JEV-CZ1株为基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒,JEV-YA1株为基因Ⅲ型。分离株在BHK-21细胞中能产生明显的细胞病变,其细胞半数感染量(TCID50)分别为10-6.206 TCID50/0.025mL与10-4.943 TCID50/0.025mL。经脑内注射测得分离株对体重9～11g小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)分别为9.97LD50/0.1mL和6.95LD50/0.1mL,其中JEV-CZ1株毒力较强。小鼠接种分离株3～4d后出现抽搐、肢体痉挛、异常兴奋等神经症状,5～7d后全部死亡,剖检可见脑部充血、水肿;病理切片观察可见脑内神经细胞变性坏死,其他器官也出现不同程度的病变。结果表明这2个分离株符合乙型脑炎病毒的特征。     

法学本科教学方法新探讨

世界两大主要的法学本科教学方法各有优劣。讲授法符合我国的法律文化传统,但它存在的问题致使其不适应复合型应用型法学人才培养目标的实现,这需要我们借鉴案例分析法的优点来加以改造,并辅之以提高法律实务能力的其他教学方法。     

发现式教学和接受式教学浅析

发现式学习和接受式学习是较有影响的现代学习理论,其相应的教学方法即发现式教学法和接受式教学法既各有特点又有内在联系。在实际教学过程中,合理地将两种教学方法相结合、交叉重叠使用,能取得较为满意的教学效果。     

Characteristics of young suicides by violent methods in rural China

Suicide is one of the most common public health problems in the world. Information on 392 completed suicides aged 15-34 years were consecutively collected from 16 counties in three provinces of China. Information on each suicide was obtained from two informants. The results showed ingesting pesticides or other poisons (73.5%) and hanging (10.5%) were the two most common methods of suicide. Suicides happened more in autumn (30.10%) or summer (27.29%), nighttime (68.3%), and at home (73.6%). However, suicides with violent methods were more common in winter and spring and outside of home. Season (autumn or summer), place (at home), and pesticide stored in home were negatively while depression was positively associated with violent methods of suicide. Characteristics of the suicides by violent methods are different from those by nonviolent methods. Investigations into the methods of rural young suicides are necessary for suicide prevention in China.     

Estimation of stature from hand impression: a nonconventional approach

Stature is used for constructing a biological profile that assists with the identification of an individual. So far, little attention has been paid to the fact that stature can be estimated from hand impressions left at scene of crime. The present study based on practical observations adopted a new methodology of measuring hand length from the depressed area between hypothenar and thenar region on the proximal surface of the palm. Stature and bilateral hand impressions were obtained from 503 men of central India. Seventeen dimensions of hand were measured on the impression. Linear regression equations derived showed hand length followed by palm length are best estimates of stature. Testing the practical utility of the suggested method on latent prints of 137 subjects, a statistically insignificant result was obtained when known and estimated stature derived from latent prints was compared. The suggested approach points to a strong possibility of its usage in crime scene investigation, albeit the fact that validation studies in real-life scenarios are performed.     

龙胆紫染色法在显微捕获单细胞分离技术中的应用

目的建立用于显微捕获单细胞技术的龙胆紫染色法并评价其应用效果。方法制作20枚口腔拭子脱落细包悬液,配制0．05g／mL龙胆紫染液。取100μL口腔细胞悬液加入0．15、0．25、0．5、1．0、2．0μL染色液,考察最佳染色浓度;争别染色5、10、30、60min,考察最佳染色时间;用最佳条件染色后抓捕3个细胞,采用联合LV-PCR技术扩增并进行DNA分驯佥测,进行重复试验20次,并对同一检材未经染色的抓捕细胞进行检测,用于比对STR分型成功率。将龙胆紫染色法用于案例检材的口腔上皮细胞分离检验。结果1001μL细胞悬液加入0．5止0．05g／mL龙胆紫染液,染色5min,胞核呈紫工色,与胞浆对比明显;染色时间延长不影响染色效果及细胞分离检验结果。优化后的龙胆紫染色法对低体积扩增无归显抑制（P〉0．05）。应用此染色法于案例检材,胞核标识清晰,STR分型结果达同一认定标准。结论龙胆紫染色法刚于细胞核的发现,有助于提高显微捕获单细胞技术的检测效能。     

知识产权法采用对话式教学法动因之思考

随着时代的发展,单单采用传统讲授法已经不能完全适应知识产权法学教学的要求,时代要求我们在教学方法上要有所创新,有所突破。本文认为,应对知识产权法教学进行改革,从传统讲授法走向对话式教学法。因为,对话式教学法有利于激发学生的积极性主动性;有利于培养学生清晰准确的表达能力;有利于培养学生创新思考能力和批判性思考能力;有利于大学生更好地为未来职业进行准备。     

A rapid wire-based sampling method for DNA profiling

Abstract: This paper reports the results of a commission to develop a field deployable rapid short tandem repeat (STR)‐based DNA profiling system to enable discrimination between tissues derived from a small number of individuals. Speed was achieved by truncation of sample preparation and field deployability by use of an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser^TM. Human blood and tissues were stabbed with heated stainless steel wire and the resulting sample dehydrated with isopropanol prior to direct addition to a PCR. Choice of a polymerase tolerant of tissue residues and cycles of amplification appropriate for the amount of template expected yielded useful profiles with a custom‐designed quintuplex primer set suitable for use with the Bioanalyser^TM. Samples stored on wires remained amplifiable for months, allowing their transportation unrefrigerated from remote locations to a laboratory for analysis using AmpFlSTR^® Profiler Plus^® without further processing. The field system meets the requirements for discrimination of samples from small sets and retains access to full STR profiling when required.     

反垄断法实施中的“相关市场”界定国际比较

目前,主要发达国家和地区在相关市场界定的方法、维度、权衡因素方面呈现出高度的趋同性,这在很大程度上充分表明了相关市场界定的相对客观性。我国应当深入地借鉴先发国家和地区在相关方面经验,进一步健全我国相关市场界定制度。     

Minimally invasive postmortem telebiopsy

For the past 10 years, medical imaging techniques have been increasingly applied to forensic investigations. To obtain histological and toxicological information, tissue and liquid samples are required. In this article, we describe the development of a low-cost, secure, and reliable approach for a telematic add-on for remotely planning biopsies on the Virtobot robotic system. Data sets are encrypted and submitted over the Internet. A plugin for the OsiriX medical image viewer allows for remote planning of needle trajectories that are used for needle placement. The application of teleradiological methods to image-guided biopsy in the forensic setting has the potential to reduce costs and, in conjunction with a mobile computer tomographic scanner, allows for tissue sampling in a mass casualty situation involving nuclear, biological, or chemical agents, in a manner that minimizes the risk to involved staff.