精神损害国家赔偿制度的完善

精神损害赔偿是国家赔偿制度中的重要组成部分。然而,我国《国家赔偿法》没有明确规定精神损害金钱赔偿制度,这不利于充分保障公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益,也不利于促进国家机关依法行使职权。在国家赔偿制度中规定精神损害金钱赔偿制度具有必要性与可行性。     

Environmental voluntary behaviour and crowding-out effects: regulation or laissez-faire?

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what the consequences are if environmental regulation in terms of a price mechanism (effluent charges) erodes moral motivation (crowding-out). The findings suggest that a regime relying on voluntarism can do better than a mandatory regime depending on the number of individuals being intrinsically motivated, degree of moral motivation, crowding effects, and whether or not ethical utilities are accounted for. The optimal tax scheme is a discriminatory one with rates that differ across moral and non-moral individuals. This tax-scheme induces the first-best solution when social costs are considered, while the same solution becomes unattainable for a social welfare function. The model provides a rationale for why governments sometimes rely on voluntary effort.      

司法审判与法律意义

本文探讨的既不是作为观念形态中的法律 ,也不是法律条文中的法律 ,而是在司法审判中的法律。作为司法审判依据的法律 ,是法律条文的外化或实现。判决 ,既确定了法律的意义 ,也是法律的完成。     

Why Do Regulatory Agencies Punish? The Impact of Political Principals,Agency Culture,and Transaction Costs in Predicting Environmental Criminal Prosecution Outcomes in the United States

Studies of administrative behavior are keen to examine the internal dynamics of agency decision making, as well the impact of external political actors on agency actions. Yet few studies apply these findings to the question of why agencies use their most punitive enforcement powers. Contrasting principal–agent, transaction costs, and organizational culture models of agency behavior, this study examines why regulatory agencies punish. Through content analysis of nearly one thousand of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's criminal investigations and subsequent prosecutions, 2001–11, findings suggest that punishment severity in environmental criminal cases is based less on transaction costs and political pressure and more on professional norms that value strong enforcement. These findings have important implications for explaining regulatory outcomes and administrative behavior.     

干预，促进改变--“促进社会规范改变的工具与数据：终止针对妇女、女童暴力的亚太论坛”综述

2015年12月,为期两天的总结亚太地区终止针对妇女和女童暴力工作的会议在曼谷召开。会议认为：提高认识、改变规范和影响各界人士的行为,是消除针对妇女暴力的3个重要环节。会议总结了亚太国家过去多年的项目经验,其中三类项目受到格外关注。其一为长期的项目,因为规范改变需要几代人的努力,对长期项目效果的评估也受到重视;其二为校园中的干预行动,因为青春期是塑造青少年性别平等意识的重要时期,学校是进行反对性别暴力教育的重要场所;其三为在社区中进行的干预行动,一些有影响力的干预工具被推广。会议呼吁,要抓住联合国可持续发展目标提供的机遇,在未来15年加大反对针对妇女和女童的暴力的力度。     

Ukrainian volunteer fighters in the eastern front: ideas,political-social norms and emotions as mobilization mechanisms

Abstract

Following the outbreak of the insurgency in eastern Ukraine, thousands of volunteers joined pro-Kiev battalions. Although they have fiercely fought against pro-Kremlin forces, very little is known about them. The article will investigate why individuals have engaged in such a risky endeavour for no obvious material reward. It will claim that ideas, political-social norms and emotions have functioned as mobilization mechanisms that can explain individual decisions. Based on interviews, the article will argue that the mobilization of Ukrainian volunteer fighters has a strong cognitive-normative-emotional dimension that cannot be ignored and should be further explored.     

Towards a critical realist perspective on African conflicts

With various attempts being made to address religious, ethnic and political conflicts in Africa, one question which continues to feature in public discourses concerns the contributions which the African academic community could make towards the understanding and resolution of conflict. This article demonstrates that ontological issues need to be critical in any attempts at effectively analysing conflicts. The merit of the critical realist philosophy of Roy Bhaskar, with its ontological concerns, is presented as an important analytical and resolution model which the African academic community can fall back on, to look for effective solutions to conflict on the continent. The thrust in this article is that the properties of the critical realist approach to social research make it practically adequate for analysing conflicts.     

行政规范在行政诉讼法律适用中的地位

行政诉讼中必须依据行政法规、参照规章以及规章以外的其他规范性文件,但是我国司法实践中对于规章以外的其他行政规范性文件的适用比较混乱,理论上没有明确的地位,导致规章以外的规范性文件有适用的必要但又缺乏适用的准则。文章从辨析行政规范的名称入手,通过分析不同学说,从新的角度界定行政规范在行政诉讼法律适用中的地位。     

公安院校德育工作新探

公安工作的新形势和新任务要求公安院校必须坚持政治建警、德育为先。公安院校应以实战需求为导向,优化德育功能定位,改革德育体制,创新德育模式,加强德育工作队伍建设,不断提高德育工作水平,努力实现全员育人、全方位育人和全过程育人的工作目标,培养现代警务机制需要的高素质人才。     

空白罪状适用的规范性解释——以前置性规范为中心

空白罪状的适用是以法律、法规的前置性规范判断为基础。前置性规范中"国家规定"的法律位阶应进行限制性解释,不包括操作纪律、习惯等非规范性形式;立足于空白罪状双重违法性的结构,依据缓和的违法性理论,前置性规范必须有违法性要件的明确提示,而不必然有刑事责任条款,对前置性规范适用采取以直接补充为主、二次间接补充为辅的限制原则,对于体系有冲突的应以刑法规范和刑法概念为准,坚持刑法解释的独立性品格;按照刑法的实质解释的原理运用以法益为指导目的的解释方法,法益制约着具体空白刑法条文所参照的前置性规范范围,按照法益同一性规则还可以适用的扩张与限缩解释。前置性规范的变动适用中,应承认前置性规范的刑法间接渊源地位,以实质的罪刑法定原则为判断基准,前置性规范的溯及力应按照从旧兼从轻的适用规则。