H1N1和H3N2亚型流感病毒基因芯片检测方法的建立

为建立同时能鉴别甲型H1N1和猪流感病毒常见亚型的新型基因芯片检测方法,根据GenBank中已发表的甲型流感病毒MP的基因序列和甲型H1N1(2009)和猪流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型的基因序列,设计、筛选并合成7对特异性引物和1对通用引物;根据扩增的靶序列,设计并合成14条特异性探针和3条质控探针,制备了甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒和猪流感病毒H1N1、H3N2亚型基因芯片;并进行了特异性试验、敏感性试验和田间样品的检测。结果显示,该芯片检测方法与猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)等猪常见病毒无交叉反应;对猪H1N1、猪H3N2和甲型H1N1(2009)流感病毒而言,最低可检测到105、104和105稀释的病毒株。结果证实,该方法特异性强、敏感性高,是一种高通量的甲型H1N1和猪流感常见亚型筛查方法。     

The advocacy coalition framework in Japan: Contributions to policy process studies and the challenges involved

The advocacy coalition framework (ACF), a unified framework for understanding the policy process, has been applied in various countries and regions; however, there are few contributions from Japan, despite seemingly favorable conditions for applying it. An exploration of what hinders ACF applications in Japan is worthwhile for developing the ACF as a framework for comparative policy process studies across various social and political settings. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review previous Japanese ACF studies. Our review found that Japanese ACF studies are fewer in number, have less coverage of policy fields, and have less methodological diversity and transparency than international trends. While most of the Japanese ACF studies supported the basic hypotheses of the ACF, we found a need to refine some hypotheses and research methods of the ACF studies. We also discuss the background factors in the inactivity of ACF studies in Japan and suggest solutions for it.     

硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法在溺死鉴定中的比较

目的比较和探讨硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法在溺死鉴定中的应用价值。方法收集40例温州医科大学法医学系2010—2011年受理并证实溺死的鉴定案件,每例案件标本包括肺、肾、肝及现场水样4份样本,分别运用硅藻硝酸消化法与浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法对标本进行检验,硅藻硝酸消化法和浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法所需各器官检材量分别为约20g和2g,现场水样分别为15mL和1.5mL,从所需检验时间以及检出率等方面进行比较分析。结果硅藻硝酸消化法检出硅藻主要为中心硅藻纲和羽纹硅藻纲,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法可扩增出一条162 bp的条带。平均检验每例案件所需的检验时间,硅藻硝酸消化法为(95.30±2.78)min,少于浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法(325.33±14.18)min(P0.05)。两种方法对现场水样及肺样本的检出率均为100%,而对肝及肾样本的检出率,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法均为80%,高于硅藻硝酸消化法40%和30%(P0.05)。结论在溺死的法医学鉴定中,应根据具体情况来挑选合适的实验室检验方法。与硅藻硝酸消化法相比,浮游生物16S rDNA PCR法具有检材用量少、信息量大、特异性高等特点,有一定的推广和实践价值。     

养老保障体系的分割与整合——北京市的案例研究

文章以北京市为研究个案,对养老保险城乡统筹制度进行分析,发现以地方政府为主进行的养老保障统筹直接弱化了社会保障的城乡分割,但强化了养老保障的地区间分割。虽然在地区内缩小了城乡福利水平的差距,但实际上是加大了地区之间养老保障收入的不平等。这种“福利地方”意味着社会保障在国家范围内的“碎片化”状态的持续,将会对一个地方的人口规模、劳动力的合理流动及劳动力市场的健康发展产生巨大影响。     

政府采购制度之立法探析

政府采购制度作为一种行之有效的管理制度 ,已为世界上许多国家所采用。我国政府采购制度在发展中仍存在许多问题 ,尤其是缺乏统一的法律规范 ,使之难以在全国范围内以统一的尺度和标准大规模地推行。因此 ,建立健全我国政府采购制度 ,已成为推行政府采购制度的关键     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒HN株5a 5b及N基因的遗传变异分析

从河南省某鸡场中疑似鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)的雏鸡病料中分离到1 株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV),暂命名为HN,鉴定为IBV。从接种HN毒株的鸡胚尿囊液中提取单股RNA后应用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT PCR)技术扩增得到包含IBV HN株5a、5b蛋白及N蛋白基因的约1 600 bp片段;将克隆测序的5a、5b及N基因分别与GenBank中11 株国内外参考毒株相应基因进行序列比较与遗传变异分析,发现IBV HN株变异独特,明显不同于国内外参考毒株。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离及其N基因片段的克隆和测序

通过形态学观察、动物回归试验、鸡胚接种试验、病毒干扰试验以及血凝试验分离鉴定了1株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)。在透射电子显微镜下,病毒粒子多呈球形,直径为80~120 nm,有囊膜,表面有冠状突起。鸡胚连续盲传至第 1~2 代,开始出现死亡或出现侏儒胚;分离株可显著干扰NDV在鸡胚中的增殖;病毒尿囊液无凝血活性,但经5 g/L胰蛋白酶处理后,能够凝集10 mL/L的鸡红细胞。利用RT PCR技术对分离株的N基因进行了扩增,经克隆、序列测定和分析比较,证实分离株为肾型IBV,命名为AH3 04株。     

An evaluation of the quality of impact assessment in the European Union with lessons for the US and the EU

Governments throughout the world are requiring greater use of economic analysis as a way of informing policy decisions. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of impact assessment in the European Union, using US assessments as a benchmark. We find that recent EU impact assessments include more economic information than they did in the past, although important items are still missing. We also provide evidence that the quality of EU impact assessment increases with the expected cost of a proposal. Furthermore, we find that the quality of EU assessments that report high total costs is similar to that of US assessments.     

Faith,Folie à Famille,and Mummification: A Brief Review of the Literature and a Rare Case Report

Folie à deux is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by the transference of delusional ideas from one person to one or more other people in close association with the primary affected patient. Mummification indicates the preservation of the corpse of a person for a variable period of time. A brief review of the literature in this field is presented, and an exceptional case is described, characterized by the association of both these rare phenomena. The case is an example of folie à fammille which developed out of a condition of extreme religiousness and seclusion of an entire family. The shared psychosis led to the horrible death of some of the family members, while the last surviving member of the family lived for more than a year and a half with their mummified remains. The Judge commissioned a forensic psychiatry assessment to verify the survivor's ability to bear witness. The development of the psychiatric syndrome and its consequences are extensively discussed.