良性互动:中国NGO与政府关系的发展趋势

改革开放以后,我国NGO的大量出现,使之正在成为社会经济发展中的一支重要力量,但是,由于NGO是公民社会发展的产物,而我国公民社会发展尚欠发达,需要政府培育和发展NGO,以便使他们提供有效的社会服务。因此,当前中国政府与NGO的关系应该如何互动,如何发展,是一个关键问题。     

托幼公共服务政策量化评价与优化建议——基于PMC指数模型分析

在全面两孩和未来更宽松的生育政策背景下，国家连续出台政策发展学龄前教育和照护服务，推动托幼公共服务发展。研究发现，政策质量总体较好，完美级2项，优秀级16项，可接受级13项；政策方向明确，已从过去单纯的重视教育逐步转向注重服务。然而，政策内部分化明显，对托幼公共服务供需失衡问题的回应较少。为进一步优化政策，建议：理念先行，通过政策立法明确政府与社会在托幼公共服务中应尽的责任；区别对待，明确0-3岁婴幼儿与3-6岁幼儿的不同政策需求；找准方法，运用资源整合策略为托幼公共服务供需平衡创造有利政策条件；权衡效果，锁定国家对家庭照顾功能的补充特性。     

Qualitative Evaluation and Optimization of Public Service Policies for Pre-school Children Aged 0-6 Based on PMC-Index

In the context of Two-Child Policy and a more extensive fertility policy, the state has continuously introduced policies to develop pre-school education and care services for promoting the development of childcare public services. The results show that the subtotal of 31 polices have a good overall performance, of which 2 are perfect, 16 are excellent, and 13 are acceptable.The direction of policy development has gradually shifted the focus from education to service. However, the internal differentiation of the policies is obvious with less response to the current imbalance between the supply and demand of childcare public services. To further optimize the policy, the following suggestions are made: clarify the responsibilities of the government and society in childcare public services by legislation, treat the different policy needs of infants aged 0-3 and children aged 3-6, create favorable policy conditions for the balance of supply and demand of childcare public services by resource integration strategies, and keep the country's complementary characteristics for family care functions.     

Mating (marriage) patterns and economic development

This paper looks at the relationship between economic development and mating (marriage) patterns in the very long run. For this purpose we introduce the Goldin and the Kuznets curves which relate female labour and income inequality with economic development respectively. To some extent, the Goldin and the Kuznets curves have followed opposite paths, which in turn, could illustrate how economic development has had an impact on mating (marriage) patterns, and thus household formation. The likely convergence in mating patterns among hunter–gatherers across societies vanished after the Neolithic revolution. Then, African polygyny and the ‘European’ marriage pattern developed into the most significant exceptions to the traditional dictate of nature “…an early attachment to one woman” (Malthus, 1798: pp. 15). Nowadays, monogamy and late attachments have become the norm rather than an exception.     

Is Bigger Better? Activity and Success in Negotiations in the United Nations General Assembly

Theorists often claim that being bigger than one's counterparts offers advantages in multilateral negotiations. In this article, I examine that argument using data from negotiations in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). The article analyzes and compares the activity levels of smaller and larger states in international negotiations, and sheds light on the conditions under which the latter “punch below their weight.” My analysis indicates that size directly affects participation, but not success rates. Bigger states can better formulate national positions on a broad range of issues, enabling their diplomats to more actively participate in negotiations, while smaller states are absent more often. Activity is conducive to success, which helps bigger states. But not every negotiation strategy is equally effective. In the UNGA's one‐state, one‐vote context, bigger states are not able to systematically exert disproportionate influence despite their often superior financial resources and bargaining strategies.     

利用软路由实现网络流量控制

P2P技术给互联网带来了巨大的变化,它大大的拓展了网络的应用范围,但它的过度使用也占用了大量的带宽资源,影响到局域网中其他用户的正常网络应用,必须对其进行必要的限制。本文重点探讨如何利用软件路由器来实现局域网内部的流量控制,达到带宽资源的合理均衡分配。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒新疆株NS基因的克隆和序列分析

根据已发表的H5N1禽流感病毒NS基因全序列设计了1对引物,对4株禽流感病毒新疆株的NS基因进行了RT-PCR扩增,并将其克隆到pMD 18-T载体上,分别获得了全长为817、851、8548、54 bp的全基因序列。序列分析结果表明,新疆毒株间的核苷酸同源性为97.8%~98.9%,氨基酸同源性为96.5%~98.7%,与广东、香港和东南亚等不同地区的11个毒株比较,同源性为90.0%~99.4%;与来自野禽、猪等不同种类的11个流感毒株比较,同源性为81.4%~99.3%。系统进化树分析表明,新疆株独立分支。