Air Campaign Duration and the Interaction of Air and Ground Forces

This article explores the role that ground troops play in aerial campaigns. Specifically, it intends to explain how ground troops affect the duration of aerial bombing campaigns. It distinguishes between the effect of ground troops on the duration of aerial campaigns that are selective and on those that are more general and less discriminate (using newly coded data on aerial strategies). The effect of ground troops may vary depending on how air power is being used. Ground troops may increase the duration of aerial campaigns in cases in which selective strategies are used during the aerial bombing campaign. In these cases, states lose the possibility of quick, “clean” victories once ground troops are introduced. In the cases of the less-discriminate bombing campaigns, the effect of ground troops is the opposite: They shorten the duration of the bombing campaign, possibly through the increased effectiveness of a combined arms approach.     

The Accuracy of Handheld Pre‐Arrest Breath Test Instruments as a Predictor of the Evidential Breath Alcohol Test Results

Drunk driving is a serious threat to public safety. All available and appropriate tools for curbing this threat should be employed to their full extent. The handheld pre‐arrest breath test instrument (PBT) is one tool for identifying the alcohol‐impaired driver and enforcing drunk driving legislation. A set of data was evaluated (n = 1779) where the PBT instrument was employed in drunk driving arrests to develop a multivariate predictive model. When maintained and operated by trained personnel, the PBT provides a reasonable estimate of the evidential test result within the relevant forensic range (95% prediction interval:  ± 0.003 g/210 L). ROC analysis shows that a multivariate model for PBT prediction of the evidentiary alcohol concentration above versus below the legal limit of 0.08 g/210 L has excellent performance with an AUC of 0.96. These results would be of value in evidential hearings seeking to admit the PBT results in drunk driving trials.     

Covenant of Mayors: Reasons for Being an Environmentally and Energy Friendly Municipality

The Covenant of Mayors (CM) is the mainstream European movement involving local authorities who voluntarily commit to increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources within their territories with the aim of reducing CO₂ emissions and meet the European Union objectives by 2020. One country that has a greater number of signatories of this agreement is Spain. This article analyzes which factors influence the decision of Spanish local authorities to join the ever‐growing movement. An empirical model is formulated to describe the behavior of Spanish local governments, this being a binary choice model which is a function of various political, economic, and technical factors. Among the prominent factors that influence this decision are population, availability of renewable energy, fiscal and environmental stress, citizens’ political preference, the contagion effect of neighboring municipalities, the existence of covenant coordinators, and finally, economic motivations.     

论网络集群事件多维生成模型的构建

根据网络集群事件的基本要素,可构建以现实社会和网络空间为外部环境,以参与者、信息传播活动和事件发展进程为维度的网络集群事件生成模型。参与者在网络集群事件中经历由个体体验、到群体围观、到形成共同信念、到淡化与转移等心理、行为变化过程。网络集群事件信息传播活动可分为“碎片化”传播、扩散化传播、聚集化传播和衰减化传播等阶段。网络集群事件存在由散点引爆、热点聚集、群体极化到事件终结的过程。现实社会和网络空间以及两者的融合、互动,则构成了网络集群事件的社会空间。     

论打击跨国有组织犯罪的机构体系化

犯罪与犯罪防治机构是一对对应存在的社会现象,针对跨国有组织犯罪的现代特性,建立包括国家专职机构、国际合作机构、辅助机构、市民公众组织与代表在内的犯罪防治体系将是有效的回应方式。     

对服装设计教育现状中几点问题的思考

面对现在国内外服装行业需求的新形势,面对服装设计教育发展中出现的新问题,我们应建立新型教育体系,加速改变师资队伍年轻化与结构不合理的现状;调整教学模式,以校企合作等形式弥补教育模式单一化的不足,修订现有服装设计专业的培养目标,变弊为利,使我国的服装设计教育形成本国特色。     

企业集团与少数股东保护研究

传统公司法是建立在公司之间彼此独立、互不参股的基础上的。在企业集团与关联企业日益增多的今天,各国公司法都实现了从只调整单一公司到以调整单个公司为主,以调整关联企业与企业集团为辅的立法思想转变。从少数股东保护角度验证中国公司法增加对关联企业与企业集团的规定的必要性。     

大学生契约式管理模式的建构

建立一种合理的契约式管理模式,界定高校和大学生之间的权利义务关系,是当前高校学生管理的必然选择。笔者认为,高校与大学生之间存在两种契约关系,针对契约性质的不同,应当明确双方的权利和义务,并建构相应的管理模式。     

弱势群体的社会政策模式探析

弱势群体是当今世界各国普遍存在的现象,我国也不例外。关注弱势群体是构建和谐社会的关键。结合现阶段我国的具体情况,针对弱势群体的社会政策模式应当是补偿性社会政策与发展性社会政策相结合。     

试论防御型反恐怖模式

世界各国的防御型反恐怖工作基本上都有一个固定的模式。如果借用一个科学、合理的评价标准对其进行测评的话,我们就会发现此模式存在一些问题:预防阶段情报信息的核心作用还有待充分发挥,处置阶段政府、市场和公民社会反恐怖机制的协调作用还有待加强,重建阶段人性重建的先导作用还有待突显。因此,这就需要构建一个新型的防御型反恐怖模式,以应对反恐怖工作的需要。