论对犯罪收益的民事没收

民事没收是一种对物不对人的制裁措施,它所针对的是一类特殊的财物,即犯罪收益。民事没收可以在没有刑事案件的情况下没收财产,即便被告人已经死亡或者在逃,甚至即便还不知晓谁实施了违法行为。民事没收适用民事诉讼的"谁主张谁举证"原则,要求那些声称对财物享有合法权利的人员承担相应的证明责任,并且只要求法官"根据优势证据"的标准证明裁断有关财产是否应被没收。我国应当借鉴外国的民事没收制度以及相关的成功经验,尽快建立针对犯罪所得或者违法行为收益的、独立的财产没收制度。     

Increasing Evidence-Based Programs in Criminal and Juvenile Justice: A Report from the Front Line

For the past 5 years in the United States, there has been an increased emphasis on evidence-based programs, and, in particular, the promotion of experimental designs as the highest standard of evidence. This interest has been fueled by the Federal government's demand for accountability that links budget allocation with program performance. The National Institute of Justice, the research, development and evaluation agency within the Office of Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice is undertaking a number of efforts to improve the quality of evaluation research and address the need for evidence-based programs. These efforts have focused on making improvements upfront in the grant selection process so that well-designed evaluations will be undertaken and in the management and monitoring of ongoing evaluation research grants so that implementation and design issues can be identified and addressed. Evaluability assessments is a key strategy that NIJ is relying on increasingly to identify programs that have a high likelihood of being successfully evaluated. Whether these efforts will lead to an overall increase in the rigor of NIJ-supported evaluations remains unanswered at this time. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The National Academies or the National Institute of Justice.     

医疗事故罪客观要件探析

认定医疗事故罪,在客观上首先必须存在合法的医疗行为。其次必须在合法的医疗过程中出现严重不负责任的行为。认定严重不负责任,应当主要结合医务人员的注意义务,把违反常规性、常识性的注意义务,以及常发性的过失行为认定为严重不负责任。再次,严重损害就诊人身体健康应当根据《刑法》所规定的重伤标准去判断。最后,严重不负责任是就诊人死亡或严重损害就诊人身体健康的后果的主要原因力。     

Methodological aspects of the Dutch National Threat Assessment

This paper discusses issues related to measuring organized crime as they have become manifest in the Dutch contribution to the EU Organised Crime Threat Assessment (OCTA). It intends to convey to a wider academic community certain issues of definition, methodology and accountability, understanding the NTA process in terms of the communication of risks in a context of competitive defining institutions.

犯罪概念及其特征的结构分析

犯罪是事实特征与法律特征的统一,也是内容特征和形式特征的统一。事实特征或者说内容特征,并不仅限于社会危害性,而是社会危害性这一个质的因素与应受刑罚处罚性(简称当罚性或应罚性)这一个量的因素的统一。法益侵害与社会危害性具有相通性。     

侵犯商业秘密罪的罪过形式探讨

有关侵犯商业秘密罪罪过形式存有诸多观点 ,在评议诸说的基础上认为从法律的规定来看 ,侵犯商业秘密罪的罪过形式包含了故意和过失两种 ,但从应然的角度予以考察 ,则应将过失排除在外     

论暴力取证罪罪名的确定及构成特征

暴力取证罪是指司法工作人员使用暴力逼取证人证言的行为。是97刑法典中的新增罪名,其罪名的确定是恰当的,此罪在客体、客观方面,主体、主观方面的特征均有争议,须予以澄清。     

侵犯专利权犯罪刑事立法之比较研究——兼及我国专利权刑法保护的完善

从各国关于专利犯罪的刑事立法模式、罪名体系、保护对象、刑罚设置及追诉方式上看 ,既有许多共性 ,同时各具特色。完善我国大陆专利权刑法保护的基本构想 :第一 ,采取结合型立法模式 ,充分发挥附属刑法的作用 ;第二 ,完善罪名体系 ,将冒充专利和专利侵权行为纳入到刑法调控的范围 ;第三 ,设置多个量刑幅度 ,实行限额罚金制 ;第四 ,建立以自诉为主、公诉为辅的追诉模式