西部少数民族地区新农村建设中可持续农业研究

可持续农业的总目标是实现农业的可持续性发展。然而,在我国部分贫穷的西部农村少数民族地区,贫困人口还没有摆脱依赖自然资源生存的状况,加之随着现代化进程的加快,我国自然生态环境的不断恶化和污染向乡村的转移,自然生态环境污染已经成为“三农”问题的重要内涵。扎实推进西部少数民族地区新农村建设,应落实科学发展观,推行可持续农业,注重农业生态环境的保护和开发,健全法律监督机制,提高农民的综合素质,促进人与自然的和谐。     

北京汉族21个STR基因座的群体遗传学调查与法医应用评价

目的调查459例北京汉族无关个体21个常染色体非CODIS的STR基因座遗传多态性并评价其应用价值。方法用AGCU21＋1荧光标记复合扩增系统对459例无关个体的21个STR基因座（D6S474、D12SATA63、D22S1045、D10S1248、D1S1677、D11S4463、D1S1627、D3S4529、D2S441、D6S1017、D4S2408、D19S433、D17S1301、D1GATA113、D18S853、D20S482、D14S1434、D9S1122、D2S1776、D10S1435、D5S2500）进行检验。得到STR分型后,用相关软件进行统计分析并计算法医学应用参数。结果获得21个STR基因座的频率分布;相关参数为：H值从0.5894-0.8038,PD值从0.7898-0.9265,PE3值从0.3618-0.6029,PE2值从0.2031-0.4256,PIC值从0.5638到0.7640。结论联合应用Identifiler系统和AGCU21＋1系统,有利于亲子关系的认定及对可疑突变的判断。     

Typing of 49 autosomal SNPs by SNaPshot in the Slovenian population

A total of 157 unrelated individuals residing in Slovenia were typed for 49 of the autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SNPforID 52plex with the SNaPshot^® assay. We obtained full SNP profiles in all but one individual and perfect concordance was obtained in duplicated analyses. Allele frequencies are presented for the 49 SNPs. No deviation from HWE was observed for any SNP. F_IS and F_ST were estimated. A principal coordinate analysis performed on six populations (Slovenian, Danish, Somali, Greenland, Turkish and Chinese) showed that the Slovenian population grouped with the Danish population. The mean power of discrimination for the Slovenian population was 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁹, and the mean exclusion probability for trios was 99.96%.     

Natural population movement and marriage restrictions and hindrances in Styria in the 17th to 19th centuries

To marry has never been an egalitarian option or everybody's wish. There have always been calculations or considerations, structural or individual hindrances and even societal restrictions for individuals to get married despite wishing to do so. Without any doubt and apart from the debate on determination or love and free choice in former times, to marry has always been a societal event, a mutual relationship between personal wishes and societal environmental expectations.And apart from all the debates on paradoxes in modernization processes, it is clear that in pre-modern times societal marriage restrictions were widespread.It is very unlikely that people should have been forbidden to marry because they should not have sexual contacts, just for morality reasons. The keys have been considerations and calculations on reproductivity, economic and social resources, social and human capital. This paper deals with aggregated vital data from four parishes in Styria, Austria, covering the outgoing 17th century until the end of the 19th century, in order to detect hints of marriage restrictions.The paper proves the well-known variety of marriage systems in pre-industrial and pre-modern times. It supports the idea that the presence of marriage restrictions hindered population growth, but the absence of such restrictions did not automatically foster more societal transparency and developmental chances in a modern sense, as mortality and inequality were very strong factors in pre-modern agrarian societies. In the end, the question of marriage restrictions was apparently posed and answered by privileged groups.     

Construction and application of four fluorescence labeled multiplex typing system for 3 miniSTR loci

We constructed a multiplex PCR system for 3 miniSTR loci D20S482, D3S3053, D6S474. This typing system showed high stability and sensitivity (0.05 ng). Population data investigated in 120 healthy unrelated Chinese Han individuals showed higher genetic polymorphism, with the combined power of discrimination and power of exclusion being 0.998 and 0.84. The amplification product length ranged from 88 bp to 127 bp for all three loci. The successful rate of typing highly degraded samples using this miniSTR multiplex PCR system was significantly higher than using identifiler kit, indicating the multiplex set represents a useful tool in Chinese forensic practice, especially for the highly degraded DNA sample.     

浅淡古希腊人性论

认识自我是哲学探究的最高目标,这一问题贯穿于古希腊哲学的始终,只是在不同时期,哲学家研究人性论的侧重点和表现形式有所不同。理性主义人性论是古希腊人性论基本基调,但同时也涉及到人的自然性、社会性等人性论思想。     

毛泽东群众运动理论与中央苏区五次反“围剿”

五四运动后,中国革命的主体发生了重大转变,中国工人阶级取代民族资产者成为革命的领导者。毛泽东经过五四运动和组织领导湖南工农运动,在开辟井冈山和赣南闽西根据地的斗争中,初步形成了“工农武装割据”的群众运动理论,经历了中央苏区五次反“围剿”斗争的实践检验以后,成为他后来思考马克思主义中国化的出发点。     

对年龄序列非正式社会控制理论的一个质疑

年龄序列非正式社会控制理论是美国新近兴起的一种犯罪学理论。在成年犯罪原因上,认为婚姻和工作强化的社会纽带可以成为成年人违法犯罪的主要抑制因素。然而,通过对中国农民工流动人口犯罪和日常行为中的“家庭因素”进行考察分析,那么该理论“良好婚姻所形成家庭的社会纽带能够抑制成年犯罪”的结论就会受到质疑。     

美国自然资源损害赔偿法律制度初探——以油污治理为视角

美国1990年《油污法》制定前就有关于自然资源损害赔偿的规定。依据公共信托理论,美国联邦法授权政府机构作为自然资源托管人对有关自然资源损害赔偿问题做出规定。《综合环境反应、赔偿和责任法》和《油污法》分别将美国内政部和国家海洋与大气局规定为托管人。各国针对油污事故的国内立法,可以借鉴《油污法》的规定,并入有关自然资源损害赔偿制度的内容。     

Organized independent labor movement in Taiwan： The case of the CTWU

Labor was a significant factor in Taiwanese politics. In history, some of the most important unions in Taiwan were built around a core of members resolutely loyal to a political ideology. However, with time many tenets of labor and political history have undergone a change. The alliances between trade unions broke the links with their respective political parties or groups. The centralized and traditional union structures fell short of workers＇ expectation amid the mounting pressures of political democratization in Taiwan, thereby giving way to ＂independent＂ union bodies. This paper examines the experiences of＂independent＂ trade unions in Taiwan in a historical context and attempts to trace the conditions that are instrumental in the growth of such unions. The case of one ＂independent＂ union in Taiwan--the Chunghwa Telecom Workers＇ Union （CTWU） depicts the ways and means by which independent rank-and-file led unions have proven their collective strength time and again. The case analysis in the present paper suggests that the continuing economic liberalization in Taiwan may bring about the proliferation of ＂independent＂ unions with far greater collective voice and less monopoly effects than the current situation.