参芪平喘颗粒治疗慢性阻塞性肺病缓解期疗效观察

目的 观察参芪平喘颗粒治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD）缓解期的疗效。方法 共纳入41例缓解期COPD患者,在解痉平喘治疗的基础上,加服参芪平喘颗粒,3个月为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程。观察治疗前后肺功能严重程度分级、ABCD分级、6 min步行距离的变化。结果 治疗9个月后,COPD患者肺功能严重程度分级和ABCD分级均无显著变化;肺功能Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级患者治疗后6 min步行距离较治疗前显著提高（P＜0.05）。结论 参芪平喘颗粒能够提高缓解期COPD患者的生活质量,ABCD分级系统较肺功能严重程度分级更适合COPD患者病情的评估。     

参七虫草胶囊对肺纤维化大鼠肺组织基质金属蛋白酶-9及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1表达的影响

目的 探究参七虫草胶囊治疗肺纤维化的机制。方法 将80只雄性SD大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、泼尼松组、参七虫草胶囊组,每组20只。采用博莱霉素气管内滴注法复制肺纤维化模型。给药后15、30 d,分别观察各组大鼠肺组织病理变化,并采用免疫组织化学方法检测肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1（issue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1）的表达水平。结果 与模型组比较,参七虫草胶囊组、泼尼松组大鼠各时点肺泡炎性反应和肺纤维化程度明显减轻,各时点泼尼松组、参七虫草胶囊组肺组织MMP-9、TIMP-1表达水平显著降低（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 参七虫草胶囊抑制肺纤维化早期肺泡的炎性反应与其降低肺组织MMP-9、TIMP-1表达水平有关。     

芪白平肺胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病痰瘀阻肺证大鼠血清CAM-2和VEGF的影响

目的 观察芪白平肺胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)痰瘀阻肺证大鼠血清钙调节蛋白-2（calmodulin-2,CAM-2）和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)的影响,探究其作用机制。方法 将280只SD大鼠随机分为正常组（60只）、模型组（60只）、芪白平肺胶囊预防组（芪预组,40只）、芪白平肺胶囊治疗组（芪治组,40只）、尼可地尔预防组（尼预组,40只）、尼可地尔治疗组（尼治组,40只）。采用连续4周的强迫游泳、烟熏和低氧应激的复合方法复制COPD痰瘀阻肺证大鼠模型。正常组和模型组分别在实验第4周、第8周、第12周各处死20只大鼠,检测血清CAM-2和VEGF水平;芪预组和尼预组均在模型复制同时预防性给药4周,分别在实验第4周、第8周各处死20只大鼠,检测血清CAM-2和VEGF水平;芪治组和尼治组均在模型复制结束后连续给药4周,分别在实验第8周、第12周各处死20只大鼠,检测血清CAM-2和VEGF水平。结果 两因素方差分析结果显示,模型因素和时间因素对大鼠血清CAM-2和VEGF水平的主效应及其交互作用均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在实验第4周、第8周、第12周,模型组大鼠血清CAM-2水平均显著低于正常组（P<0.05）,血清VEGF水平均显著高于正常组（P<0.05）。与同时间模型组比较,尼预组和芪预组大鼠血清CAM-2水平显著升高（P<0.05）,而血清VEGF水平显著降低（P<0.05）。与同时间尼预组比较,芪预组CAM-2水平显著升高（P<0.05）,VEGF水平显著降低（P<0.05）。与同一时间模型组比较,芪治组和尼治组大鼠血清CAM-2水平显著升高（P<0.05）,VEGF水平显著降低（P<0.05）;在实验第12周,芪治组大鼠血清VEGF水平显著低于尼治组（P<0.05）。结论 芪白平肺胶囊和尼可地尔预防性给药和治疗性给药均可调节COPD痰瘀阻肺证大鼠血清CAM-2和VEGF的异常,芪白平肺胶囊的远期效应优于尼可地尔。     

六味补气胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型大鼠肺功能及炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨六味补气胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)模型大鼠肺功能及炎症因子的影响.方法 将SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组,模型组,桂龙咳喘宁组和六味补气胶囊高、中、低剂量组,每组10只.观察记录大鼠一般状况;采用肺功能检测仪检测用力肺活量(...     

头部受力后导致脑肿胀并发TNH的相互关系

目的探讨头部受力后导致脑肿胀并发TNH的相互关系。方法采用福尔马林固定的91例大脑标本,根据脑的损伤特点分三组分别作冠、矢及水平状切面,肉眼观察。结果发现脑损伤致脑肿胀后产生的TNH有三种类型,即前位疝65例(71.4％),后位疝5例(5.5％),及单、双侧全疝21例(23.1％)。其中16例全疝仍见以前位疝最显著。结论头部受力后易在额颞部发生前位疝。TNH虽与受力部位、受力机制有一定关系,但仍与受力强度、伤后存活时间关系密切。     

9例烧死的气管及肺的法医病理学组织学观察报告

<正> 实验性吸入性呼吸道损伤的组织学变化已有很多报告,烈火中烧死人体的气管及肺病理学变化的报告不多。我们对两起意外交通事故烧死的较完整的9例资料,其气管及肺脏尚可供组织学观察,现将结果报告如下。材料与方法 1986年2月,先后发生两起公共汽车燃烧事故,当场共烧死乘客12人,其中9例资料较     

Is There a Relationship Between Bladder Outlet Obstruction due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Pulmonary Thromboembolism?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia with chronic bladder outlet obstruction has been associated with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). To evaluate this further, 60 autopsy cases of men with PTE were compared with 60 age-matched controls. The criteria for outlet obstruction were macroscopic prostatic enlargement with bladder trabeculation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on microscopy. Ten of the 60 men (16.7%) with fatal PTE had evidence of bladder outlet obstruction (age 57-78 years; mean 71.4 years). Of the 60 controls, 12 had evidence of bladder outlet obstruction (20%) (age 67-86 years; mean 75.5 years). No significant relationship could be demonstrated between bladder outlet obstruction and fatal PTE cases (p = 0.8). Given reports of this association, however, it is possible that bladder distension with venous compression may act as a risk modifier in certain individuals in association with other significant comorbidities, but this risk appears low.     

2009 H1N1 Fatalities: The New Mexico Experience

Abstract: Histopathologic features of New Mexico 2009 H1N1 fatalities have not been representative of those reported nationwide. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all New Mexico 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1) fatalities (n = 50). In cases in which autopsy was performed (n = 12), histologic sections and culture results were examined. In contrast to previously published studies, the majority of our fatalities did not have diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (2/12; 16.7%). Common findings included pulmonary interstitial inflammation and edema, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia. Two cases had significant extra‐pulmonary manifestations: myocarditis and cerebral edema with herniation. The majority had a rapid disease course: range from 1 to 12 days (median, 2 days), and Native Americans were disproportionately represented among fatalities. These findings suggest that New Mexico H1N1 fatalities generally did not survive long enough to develop the classic picture of DAD. Pathologists should be aware that H1N1 may cause extra‐pulmonary pathology and perform postmortem cultures and histologic sampling accordingly.     

A Minimally Invasive Technique for the Detection and Analysis of Pulmonary Fat Embolism: A Feasibility Study*

We investigated the feasibility of postmortem percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) for obtaining pulmonary samples adequate for the study of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE). Samples of both lungs were obtained from 26 cadavers via two different methods: (i) PNB and (ii) the double-edged knife technique, the gold standard at our institute. After water storage and Sudan III staining, six forensic pathologists independently examined all samples for the presence and severity of PFE. The results were compared and analyzed in each case regarding the vitality of the PFE and its relationship to the cause of death. The results showed that PFE was almost identically diagnosed and graded on the samples obtained via both methods. The discrepancies between the two techniques did not affect the diagnoses of vitality or cause of death related to PFE. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the PNB sampling method for the diagnosis and interpretation of PFE in the postmortem setting.     

脑络通对气虚血瘀证脑缺血大鼠作用机理研究

目的：探讨脑络通对气虚血瘀证脑缺血大鼠作用机理,为脑络通的临床应用提供实验依据。方法：采用多因素病证结合气虚血瘀脑缺血大鼠模型,观察了局部脑组织血流量（ｒＣＢＦ）,脑水肿,血流流变性,血浆血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）及前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的变化,结果：脑络通能显著增加模型鼠ｒＣＢＦ,减轻脑水肿程度（Ｐ〈０．０１）,能显著改善模型鼠血流变性,能显著降低模型鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２水平,升高ＰＧＩ２水平（Ｐ〈０．０５