From rural rebellions to urban riots: political competition and changing patterns of violent political revolt in Uganda

Violent political revolt has been common in independent Uganda. For a long time, such revolts were exclusively expressed as rural-based rebel groups fighting the government. Since the mid-2000s, however, this seems to have come to an end. Instead, urban riots, very rare in the past, have become much more common. This article analyses these changing patterns of types and location of violent political revolt in Uganda under the National Resistance Movement government. It argues that the earlier prevalence of rural rebellions can be explained by the combination of a coercive and militarised state, and weak and ethnically factionalised political forces who took their violent resistance to rural regional bases. Over time, however, government counter-insurgency became more effective and the conditions for insurgency were undermined by withdrawal of external support. Furthermore, the reintroduction of multi-party politics in 2005 opened up new avenues for political expression. The changes to the political system were, however, more nominal than real in many respects. While the rebel option had become less attractive and feasible, a series of social, economic and political grievances remained which were only partly channelled through party politics. They also found expression through sporadic urban violent revolt.     

农村人力资本投资的影响因素分析

农村人力资本投资不但受到经济发展水平与风险因素的影响,还会受到政府投资政策与投资体制的影响。总得来看,由于政府财力有限以及在投资过程中的城市化倾向、农民收入增长缓慢和人力资本流动造成的风险使得农村人力资本投资水平比较低。     

社会主义新农村建设中的政府能力——公共产品的视角

社会主义新农村建设是我国现代化的一个关键环节.从一定意义上说,社会主义新农村的建设过程就是农村公共产品供给效率的改善及供给结构的优化过程.从公共产品的视角出发,有利于深入探讨社会主义新农村建设中政府能力的本质、问题与成因,政府与乡村自组织的关系等重要方面.我们认为,政府是农村公共产品的主要责任者,政府供给农村公共产品的程度与质量是政府能力的重要表现;农民的自组织化是提高农村公共产品供给效率及促进基层民主发展的内在要求;厘清政府与乡村自组织的关系是社会主义新农村建设的应有之义.推进社会主义新农村建设,要求政府既能够承担农村公共产品的供给责任,又能够在公共产品供给中处理好与乡村自组织的关系,为此,应当划分好政府在农村公共产品供给中的责任;改革乡村治理结构,提升基层政府的能力;培育农村自治组织,提高农村公共产品的供给效率;处理好政府与农村自组织的关系,促进农村基层民主的发展.     

关于边疆民族地区建设社会主义新农村的哲学思考

我们党提出和实施建设社会主义新农村,既是战略性的考虑也是客观需要。反映了党和政府与时俱进的思维和谋略,它尊重和体现了马克思主义的哲学原理。边疆民族地区建设社会主义新农村有它的特殊性,从哲学的角度,可以从六个方面进行思考。     

论犯罪理论中的折衷主义

近代刑法学自产生以来,经历了从启蒙主义的刑法思想到刑事古典学派(旧派),再到刑事实证学派(新派)的发展历程。新、旧两派的争鸣极大地推动了刑法学理论的繁荣,为各国的刑事司法提供了深厚的理论根基。现时刑法理论中折衷主义盛行,并朝着更加合理的方向发展。     

Institutions and Economic Performance: The Use and Abuse of Culture in New Institutional Economics

Important research programs within New Institutional Economics advance culturalist arguments to explain failures of economic development. Focusing on the work of Douglass C. North and Avner Greif, this article argues that such arguments rely on an essentialist conception of culture that is both historically inaccurate and analytically misleading. Greif’s work in particular rests on a selective use of empirical data that ultimately distorts the deductive models that are at the core of his work. As a result, both scholars use culture to account for outcomes that are more adequately explained as the product of social conflict and political struggles—struggles in which culture plays a far more contingent and destabilizing role than the one they attribute to it. What is needed, I argue, is to link arguments about the persistence of inefficient institutions with a sociologically informed conception of culture as an ensemble of resources that enhance rather than constrain the scope of individual agency. To come to terms with the effects of culture on institutional formation and change it is necessary to replace the essentialism articulated by North and Greif with a strategic-instrumentalist view in which culture is compatible with a wide spectrum of economic behaviors, individual actions, and thus institutional trajectories.

试论中日关系的新向度——以前首相福田康夫对中外交遗产为中心

近年来,从小泉、安倍、再到福田,日本政府都非常重视构成两国关系之潜流的精神和价值理念领域。特别是前首相福田转变了小泉和安倍的"价值本位"外交方向,并从"回归古典"着手,力图通过重构中日两国的精神、价值大厦,使中日关系不仅仅是一种利益、利害关系的存在,而是建立在双方共同理解、追求并能够互相接受的价值阈值的基础之上。这样,中日关系才可能从根本上克服其脆弱性的一面,从而走得更远。而中日两国在第四个政治文件中就此所达成的共识,即为实现这一目标的"新向度"。无疑这是前首相福田对中外交的重要遗产。     

少数民族农村社区文化生活与精神文明建设 --以云南罗平多依村布依族调查为例

通过对云南罗平县多依村布依族的调查发现,随着经济与社会的发展,社区文化对区域人群的影响作用和协调功能日益凸现,然而,受到经济发展相对滞后、教育水平偏低、信息渠道单一等因素制约,目前的农村社区文化不能适应村民不断提高的精神文化需求.鉴于此,建议在发展农村经济的基础上,强化基层组织的引导职责,以传统的农村家庭功能单位为依托,努力探索有地区特色的社区文化发展模式.     

西部大开发中西部农村市场的开拓

在西部市场中农村市场占有相当重要的地位,对西部经济的增长与发展有很强的拉动作用。因此,在西部大开发中启动西部农村市场显得非常重要。开拓和发展西部农村市场受到许多因素的影响。针对西部农村经济存在的问题,提出了一些具体措施。     

对宗族势力与农村稳定的思考

宗族势力虽对农村稳定存在某些负面作用,但从社会宏观层面及纵深角度探析,宗族不仅能满足农民的本体性需求及有利于人际关系的整合,而且还能弥补政府某些功能的不足及制衡农村基层干部的腐败.如把宗族势力视为异己,不仅会增大治理难度,而且会大幅度提高治理成本.