The return of public investment in telecommunications: Assessing the early challenges of the national broadband network policy in Australia

Against a current trend of investing in the next generation networks (NGNs) by using public funds, the Australian government has initiated a so-called National Broadband Network (NBN) project to invest up to AUD$36 billion tax payer's money on building a national wide fibre broadband network aiming to cover 93 per cent Australian by 2020. As being the most costly infrastructure-building project in Australian history, the NBN project promises to deliver super-fast broadband services, create jobs and promote the country's economy at large. This article will critically analyse the NBN project in Australia and highlight the challenges that are coming alone at this early stage of the deployment, so the Australia's experience of pubic investment in broadband networks can be shared and lessons can be learnt.     

An Examination of First and Second Generation Immigrant Offending Trajectories

The myth of the criminal immigrant has permeated public and political debate for much of this nation's history and persists despite growing evidence to the contrary. Crime concerns are increasingly aimed at the indirect impact of immigration on crime highlighting the criminal pursuits of the children of immigrants. Adding to extant knowledge on the immigration-crime nexus, this research asks whether immigrants are differentially involved in crime by examining immigrant offending histories (prevalence, frequency, seriousness, persistence, and desistance) from early adolescence to young adulthood. Particular attention is afforded to the influence of various sources of heterogeneity including: generational and nativity status, and crime type. Results suggest that the myth remains; trajectory analyses reveal that immigrants are no more crime-prone than the native-born. Foreign-born individuals exhibit remarkably low levels of involvement in crime across their life course. Moreover, it appears that by the second generation, immigrants have simply caught up to their native-born counterparts in respect to their offending. Implications of the findings for theory and future research are discussed.     

从“边缘人”到“新阶级”？——新生代农民工的抗争活动与中国城市的政治发展

随着城市建设的蓬勃发展,农民工群体的组成结构也在悄悄地发生着变化,第一代农民工日渐淡出社会舞台,新生代农民工正崛然兴起。农民工的代际更替与社会转型的＂共时展开＂,极大地增添了城市政治问题的复杂性。新生代农工争取生存权和发展权的抗争活动在受到当前城市政治制约的同时,在很大程度上将重新塑造城市的政治生态。本文尝试从阶级理论和抗争政治的角度,在分析新生代农民工群体特征和政治倾向的基础上分析了新生代农民工有否可能成为＂城市新阶级＂,并进一步探讨了在＂非阶级＂状况下未来城市中新生代农民工的抗争形态及其分流机制。     

Newborn screening in the genomics era

Newborn screening (NBS) exists in every state for the purpose of testing newborns for genetic medical conditions that can be severe, may be treatable, and are often not clinically evident at birth. While almost all of the diseases screened for in newborns have underlying genetic causes, NBS in its current form is performed not by testing for genetic mutations, but by testing for biochemical markers that indicate a disorder. The potential use of whole-genome newborn screening (WG-NBS) as an alternative to the current biochemical testing utilized for NBS would dramatically expand the quantity and types of information parents could learn from screening and is likely to have many implications, both positive and negative. As whole-genome sequencing (WGS) becomes more economical, it probably will be used for the purposes of NBS. However, such an expansion of NBS would contradict many of the principles that have historically guided public health screening programs and, if implemented without sufficient preparation, could result in insufficient infrastructure to accommodate the health care and data management needs that would arise. This article will first look at the past and present of NBS, then the rise of whole genome sequencing, before considering the challenges of WG-NBS, and will end with some thoughts on the path forward.     

新生代农民工心理问题探析

2010年中央一号文件提出要“着力解决新生代农民工问题”，这说明新生代农民工这个庞大的群体已经引起中央的重视。针对新生代农民工存在的自卑、孤僻、逆反等不良心理，我们必须通过打破体制性障碍，探索有效的教育途径，发挥家庭、学校和社会的合力作用等对策解决新生代农民工的心理问题。     

诠释学与《墨子》之意义生成方式

许多人认为《墨子》一书的许多观点是墨子的独自创解,这大大蒙蔽了《墨子》与古代的传承性。他站在社会环境、知识传统、个人因素的诠释立场上,运用“辩”释义、以名举实、类比推理、对文结构、问答式、隐晦言说等多种意义生成的方式,对古代精华典籍进行独特的诠释,并结合现实提出自己的观点,生成了《墨子》的无穷意义。墨子运用自己的饱学博识,针对时弊,发表所思,从而创立了春秋战国时代的显学——墨学。     

关于控辩平等原则演进的思考

人类文明前行的足音,必然呼吁人类个体自由度的提高和主体平等地位的确立。在各国刑事诉讼领域控制犯罪与人权保障关系的演进中,控辩平等原则的基本精神经历了一个从无到有、从少到多的过程。这是政治民主与市场经济的发展对尊重人权和强调人的尊严的必然要求。而今,国际公认的司法原则是不得以牺牲司法公正或威胁基本人权为代价来控制犯罪或建立秩序。以此检视我国现行刑事诉讼制度,可以发现,控辩平等原则在我国法律制度和司法实践中还只是雏形,其与国际公约和司法准则对控辩平等的要求依然存在较大差距,甚至在某些方面尚未达到控辩平等之最低标准要求。     

防火墙技术发展展望

本文分析了传统防火墙技术的不足,探讨了新一代防火墙需要具备的防攻击技术、防扫描技术、防欺骗技术、入侵防御技术、包擦洗和协议正常化技术、AAA 技术等。     

新生代农民工融入城镇发展的借鉴分析——以广东试行的积分制为例

该文深入探析了＂积分制入户＂的特点及其带来的借鉴,并提出该模式对于加快推进新生代农民工更好地融入城镇发展,具有重要意义。     

Power Sector Reforms and Technical Performance: Good News from an Instrumental Variable Analysis

Over the past three decades, various power sector reforms have overhauled the governance of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution in almost a hundred countries. Have these reforms produced benefits? Using instrumental variables, we improve upon earlier studies and demonstrate that power sector reforms enacted between 1982 and 2008 have both had large positive effects on the availability of generation capacity and reduced transmission and distribution losses. We also show that the positive effects on generation capacity are pronounced in developing countries and that hybrid reforms falling short of privatization and free competition are effective in improving generation capacity in particular. Overall, the results show that these reforms are an effective tool to remove an important constraint on economic growth.