浅析职业素质教育对新生代农民工就业的影响

随着中国经济发展和人口结构变迁,新生代农民工这一就业群体已逐渐登上就业舞台并发挥越来越重要的作用。由于新生代农民工大多接受过一定的职业素质教育,他们较之于老一辈农民工有更加现代的观念和人生定位,对于自身就业和未就业预期有更多的权衡和判断。新生代农民工已经成为国家工业化、城市化、现代化的重要动力,探讨如何深化新生代农民工的职业素质教育以促进这一群体就业显得尤为重要。     

基于16S rDNA测序技术探索白头翁汤灌肠对湿热型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 采用不同剂量白头翁汤对比美沙拉嗪干预治疗湿热型溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis,UC）大鼠,观察肠道菌群是否参与了UC的发病过程及药物治疗前后肠道菌群的变化情况。方法 随机将62只SD健康雄性大鼠分为正常组,模型组,白头翁汤低、中、高剂量组和美沙拉嗪组,其中正常组12只,其余各组10只。采用三硝基苯磺酸/乙醇复合法复制UC大鼠模型。模型复制成功后,白头翁汤低、中、高剂量组分别以白头翁汤每日2.15、4.31、8.62 g/kg灌肠,美沙拉嗪组予以美沙拉嗪灌肠液每日0.35 g/kg灌肠,正常组和模型组予以生理盐水灌肠,连续给药14 d。治疗结束后观察各组大鼠一般情况和疾病活动指数,光镜下观察结肠病理变化,并收集大鼠结肠新鲜的粪便,提取粪便微生物DNA,测序及分析PCR扩增基因组DNA,采用Miseq平台测序。结果 ①与模型组相比,白头翁汤各剂量组和美沙拉嗪组体质量逐渐回升,便血及腹泻次数减少。②与模型组比较,白头翁汤各剂量组、美沙拉嗪组疾病活动指数评分明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。③模型组大鼠菌群丰度、多样性均降低,白头翁汤及美沙拉嗪治疗后菌群丰度及多样性均有提升。④模型组大鼠厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门比值较正常组升高,白头翁汤和美沙拉嗪治疗后二者比值回调。⑤在菌群构成方面,UC大鼠较正常大鼠具有较低的普氏菌属、乳杆菌属生物丰度,白头翁汤和美沙拉嗪治疗后可回调普氏菌属、乳杆菌属益生菌丰度。结论 肠道菌群参与了UC的发病过程,白头翁汤和美沙拉嗪可能通过调节肠道益生菌而起到对于疾病的治疗作用。     

三代领导核心的"德治"思想和实践

作为中国第一、第二代领导集体核心的毛泽东、邓小平,既是中国马克思主义理论的主要创立者,又是中国马克思主义道德学说的开创者。以江泽民为核心的第三代领导集体,在继承和发展毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的同时,也继承并发展了其中的马克思主义的道德学说。     

常用STR基因座突变的观察与分析

目的观察与分析常用STR基因座突变的特点。方法从1211例确定亲子关系的案例中收集到27个突变基因。用银染法和荧光标记试剂盒复核,并作序列测定证实。结果27个突变基因出现在15个基因座,突变方式符合步移突变模型。男女性别比例8∶1。突变率与父亲年龄正相关。结论突变率与基因座各等位基因均一重复单位个数的几何平均数相关,数值高的突变率较高,亲子鉴定中应谨慎使用。     

线粒体DNA编码区的多态性

目的研究线粒体DNA(mtDNA)编码区单核苷酸多态性,建立mtDNA编码区多态性在法庭科学中应用的理论基础。方法针对mtDNA编码区nt8162-8483以及nt13070-13299两段序列设计引物,应用直接测序技术研究其多态性。结果两对引物扩增片段长分别为322bp和230bp,共检测到21种变异,24种单倍型,基因多样性为0.7511,两个无关个体的偶合概率为0.2564。结论线粒体DNA编码区多态性位点作为线粒体DNA控制区多态性位点的补充,联合应用可以提高线粒体DNA在法医学应用中的个体识别能力。     

网络群众路线的生成逻辑及践行方式探析

在界定网络群众路线科学含义的基础上,从互联网发展的视角剖析了网络群众路线的生成逻辑,探索了网络群众路线的践行方式。研究发现,各级党组织和政府职能部门在互联网上通过密切联系网民群众、服务网民群众、维护网民群众等方式开展网上群众工作,实现体察民情、倾听民声、汇聚民智、解除民忧是践行网络群众路线的有效方式。     

Investigation of 74 microhaplotypes for kinship testing in US populations

Microhaplotypes are markers that consist of haplotype blocks of SNPs, which can be analyzed by massively parallel sequencing technologies. These allow determining the haplotype phase at every locus by clonal sequencing each DNA strand. MHs are polymorphic loci with same size alleles, no stutter, and lower mutation rate than STRs. They can provide the same power of discrimination of STR-kits, thus useful for mixture deconvolution, but more accurate ancestry prediction than STRs. In this study we investigated the potential of a recently developed 74plex-MH panel for kinship testing using the Familias software.Samples from families of four major US population groups were collected and genotyped using the 74plex-MH panel. MH allele frequency data from 347 individuals were imported into Familias software along with STR allele frequency data of 29 loci (NIST dataset) from 1036 individuals. Different family scenarios were tested and these included unrelated vs parent-child, unrelated vs full siblings, unrelated vs half siblings, unrelated vs cousin pairs. The prediction of the kinship relation for the four populations of interest was reported as Log10 of the likelihood ratio (LR).Overall, the panel of 74MHs and 29STRs showed similar performance in predicting the correct kinship scenarios tested. Correct prediction was reported for parent-child, full siblings, and half sibling scenarios, but not for the cousin pairs scenario. The panel of 74 MHs showed larger Log10LR values than the 29 STR-assay, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this biomarker as a tool for kinship testing in addition to mixture deconvolution and ancestry prediction.     

促进企业和社会进步急需培训新生代农民工

新农民工是企业与社会发展的"潜力股",培训新农民工属民生实事,也是新的希望工程与文化工程,政府、企业等当重视并给力、认真实施此培训,政府买单、企业落实乃关键。渐次实现农民工市民化和以人为核心的高质量城镇化,培训新农民工是过程、是基础、是要务;良好的培训可帮助新农民工就业、创业与缓解用工荒,能有效促进社会发展、文明;良好的培训,利民、利企业、利国家。新农民工培训应上升为国策,要有实际、实在的顶层设计。     

我国有关“80后”代际分析的研究述评

我国是从改革开放之后才开始真正关注代际问题并逐渐将之发展成为一个学术议题的。随着＂80后＂新青年的成长,对这一代人的研究应运而生,并且结合社会现实的需要仍在深化和完善中。现有的研究多集中于＂80后＂问题的提出、代际特征描述的共性及个性等方面。对＂80后＂农村青年群体的研究,＂80后＂自己对自己的研究,以及如何从方法论角度解决代沟问题,将是今后研究中需要加强和完善的部分。     

From Identity Verification to Behavior Prediction: Ethical Implications of Second Generation Biometrics

In this article, we will compare ethical issues raised by first and second generation biometrics. First generation biometrics use characteristics readily visible to the naked eye to ensure that the person identified is the person he claims to be, whereas second generation biometrics focus on behavioral patterns with the aim of predicting suspicious behavior or hostile intentions. While the collection of biometric features for identification is visible to the person involved, capturing biometric features from a distance may go unnoticed. Our study of a range of U.S. and European projects of second generation biometrics, particularly of Future Attribute Screening Technology and Automatic Detection of Abnormal Behaviour and Threats in crowded Spaces, shows that if data subjects are not aware of the processing of their data, and if behavioral patterns are interpreted without any knowledge of the subject's will and motives, there are risks of discrimination and stigmatization. Thus, second generation biometrics raise some new ethical concerns besides issues of integrity, privacy, and data protection and further underscore the importance of the principle of informed consent in order to maintain public trust.