社会法的功能嬗变、代际更替和中国社会法的定位与建构

社会法的发生机理在于对市场化运动及其负面后果进行"反向运动"和矫治,其早期功能是社会保护。它是资本主义市场经济制度调整的主要内容,是现代市场经济和混合资本主义的构成性要素。社会法可分为三代,具有明显的代际更替和功能扩展、嬗变轨迹:从第一代社会法的社会保护单一功能模式,到第二代社会法的社会保护为主、社会促进为辅的主次功能模式,再到第三代社会法的社会保护与社会促进并重的功能模式。功能嬗变与代际更替的机理主要在于资本与社会的矛盾运动、公平(社会保护)与效率(社会促进)的复杂关系。中国应厘清自己的问题之"代"和制度需求,以全球正在探索的第三代社会法为参照系,定位、创新和建构中国社会法并推进社会改革。     

Discordance at D3S1358 locus involving SGM Plus™ and the European new generation multiplex kits

During the course of routine database sample analysis in the Israel Police DNA database, an off-ladder D3S1358 allele, calculated to be >22.1, extending into the adjacent vWA locus was observed using Applied Biosystems SGM Plus™ kit.To verify the size of this D3S1358 long allele and to ensure it was not part of a trialle pattern in the neighboring locus, the sample was amplified using three of the European new generation STR multiplex kits: NGM^TM (Applied Biosystem), Powerplex™ ESX and ESI (Promega). The results of these amplifications determined the variant to be a 22 allele. Subsequent sequencing confirmed this designation and revealed a nucleotide polymorphism. Ten additional SGM Plus™ profiled samples with D3S1358 alleles larger than 19, were re-analyzed using NGM^TM and Powerplex™ ESX which also showed discordance in the calculated results between original SGM Plus™ designations and those obtained with the European new generation multiplexes.     

新生代农民工融入城市社会支持系统研究

新生代农民工已成为我国现代化建设不可或缺的重要力量,解决新生代农民工融入城市社会问题是一项系统工程,需要政府、企业和非政府组织等通力合作。政府应强化自身职能,共青团及其他社团组织应充分发挥优势,企事业单位要调动积极性,城市社区要大有作为,多位一体构建社会支持系统。     

二代测序技术在法医学中的应用

随着二代测序技术的快速发展,其高通量和低成本在生命科学领域应用广泛,测序的通量更高,测序时间和成本不断下降,使得其被广泛应用于微生物研究、古DNA研究、临床诊断、法医学研究等。本文阐述了二代测序技术平台及其遗传标记在法医学中的应用,包括STR分型、SNP分型、HLA基因型预测以及在降解检材中的应用等。     

基于下一代测序的全解析度STR分型研究进展与展望

下一代测序技术具有高通量、高速度、集成化、低成本等显著优势,近年来已在科研和临床诊断领域得到广泛应用,在法医遗传学领域亦具有重要应用前景。当前主流的STR分型方法仅关注序列的长度多态性,然而由于核心重复结构存在差异或扩增区段内存在SNP,序列长度相等的等位基因可能是具有遗传稳定性的完全不同的等位基因,此类STR序列多态性是个体识别或亲缘关系分析的宝贵资源。基于下一代测序的STR分型在现有数据输出方式基础上,允许进一步关注STR的序列多态性,对STR基因座进行全解析度分型,显著提升STR基因座的个体识别能力。本文以法医STR遗传标记和下一代测序技术为关注焦点,系统综述基于下一代测序的全解析度STR分型领域国际最新研究进展,深入探讨该技术在法医DNA实验室的实际应用潜力和可能面临的挑战,希冀对相关研究和实践提供参考。     

新生代农民工群体特点、问题与反思

新生代农民工已经成为当代农民工的主力军,受到了社会越来越多的关注。依据相关资料、联系实际,对新生代农民工的概念、成长的社会生态环境、群体特点、主要问题进行了深入分析,并从家庭、学校、社会等向度对当前新生代农民存在的主要问题即城乡双重边缘化问题,进行整体性思维。     

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的梯级水电站多目标发电优化调度

在一种典型多目标进化算法NSGA-Ⅱ基础上做了以下改进：1）引入了外部档案集并提出一种基于局部搜索的算子,用于提高其收敛性及非劣解的分布性;2）为了便于决策者决策,采用一种基于偏好的简单有效决策方法优选调度方案;3）为提高算法的效率,在建立偏序集时,采用快速排序算法对子目标进行排序.最后,采用改进NS-GA-Ⅱ算法求解三峡梯级水电站多目标发电优化调度问题,结果表明算法能够有效地处理复杂约束,得到分布完备且均匀的非劣调度方案集,并计算出各非劣调度方案的相对优属度以便于决策者进行决策.     

论新生代农民工自救犯罪的特点及原因

所谓新生代农民工自救犯罪,是指新生代农民工在面临对自身生存发展构成的威胁或合法权益遭受侵害时,依靠自己的力量,以非法手段和方式来维护自身权益的犯罪行为,具有犯罪手段暴力化、犯罪主体低龄化、犯罪形式团伙化、犯罪对象确定化、犯罪动机简单化、犯罪事先有预谋等特点。公力救济难到位和社会保障水平低是新生代农民工自救犯罪的外在原因;用人单位违规失信是新生代农民工自救犯罪的直接原因;行为人的人格扭曲是新生代农民工自救犯罪的内在起因。     

Extraction of DNA from Skeletonized Postcranial Remains: A Discussion of Protocols and Testing Modalities

This paper provides a retrospective of the DNA analysis performed by the Armed Forces Medical Examiner–Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory between 1990 and 2018. Over 13,000 postcranial osseous materials, comprised of wartime losses from World War II, the Korean War, and South‐East Asia, were examined by the following: mitochondrial DNA sequencing, a modified AmpFlSTR® Yfiler?, AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler?, PowerPlex® Fusion, or NGS. Four different DNA extraction protocols were used: incomplete demineralization coupled with an organic purification; complete demineralization with an organic purification; complete demineralization with an inorganic purification using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit; and a protocol designed specifically for use with next‐generation sequencing. In general, complete demineralization coupled with an organic purification was the optimal extraction protocol for sequencing of mitochondrial DNA, regardless of the osseous element tested. For STR testing, demineralization paired with an inorganic purification provided optimum results, regardless of kit used or osseous element tested.     

Time Radically Alters Ex Situ Evidentiary Soil 16S Bacterial Profiles Produced Via Next‐Generation Sequencing,,

Previous research has revealed the potential of soil bacterial profiling for forensic purposes; however, investigators have not thoroughly examined fluctuations in microbial profiles from soil aged on evidence. In this research, soils collected from multiple habitats were placed on evidence items and sampled over time, and then bacterial profiles were generated via next‐generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA locus. Bacterial abundance charts and nonmetric multidimensional scaling plots provided visual representation of bacterial profiles temporally, while supervised classification was used to statistically associate evidence to a source. The ex situ evidence soils displayed specific, consistent taxonomic changes as they aged, resulting in their drift in multidimensional space, but never toward a different habitat. Ninety‐five percent of the 364 evidentiary profiles statistically classified to the correct habitat, with misclassification generally stemming from evidence type and increased age. Ultimately, understanding bacterial changes that occur temporally in ex situ soils should enhance their use in forensic investigations.