被设计的一代——当代中国城市儿童的早期教育现状

我国独生子女的这一代是"被设计的一代"。父母的"设计"导致了儿童发展过程中属于自身天然化、本性化的内容大大减少,而人为化、强制化的内容居主要地位,这使整代人的主要特征呈现出单一化与共性化。早期的智力活动的质与量影响并制约着儿童的认知能力、认知兴趣以及对知识积累和技能培训的态度,最终将制约着每一个体的思维类型、智力类型、能力类型的构建。     

试论第三代领导集体对邓小平民族问题理论的丰富和发展

从党的十四大到十六大,以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体,与时俱进,进一步丰富和发展了邓小平的民族问题理论,科学地回答了新时期我国民族问题、民族工作的一系列重要问题。     

第三代中央领导集体对邓小平市场经济理论的创新与发展

邓小平同志的伟大贡献是提出了社会主义与市场经济没有根本矛盾、社会主义可以搞市场经济的问题 ,从而为社会主义市场经济体制改革目标的确立奠定了极为重要的思想和理论基础。以江泽民同志为核心的第三代中央领导集体的重要贡献在于确立了社会主义市场经济体制的地位 ,解决了社会主义如何发展市场经济的问题 ,从而推动了市场经济实践在中国的发展 ,也进一步丰富和发展了邓小平关于市场经济的理论     

论党的第三代领导集体的治国方略

依法治国、以德治国、科教兴国是一个整体。三“国”结合,治国与兴国统一筹谋,统一运作,就是以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体全方位的治国方略。     

Additional predictions for forensic DNA phenotyping of externally visible characteristics using the ForenSeq and Imagen kits

Multiplex DNA typing methods using massively parallel sequencing can be used to predict externally visible characteristics (EVCs) in forensic DNA phenotyping through the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The focus of EVC determination has focused on hair color, eye color, and skin tone as well as visible biogeographical ancestry features. In this study, we researched off-label applications beyond what is currently marketed by the manufacturer of the Verogen ForenSeq kit primer set B and Imagen primer set E SNP loci. We investigated additional EVC predictions by examining published genome wide sequencing studies and reported allele-specific gene expression and predictive values. We have identified 15 SNPs included in the ForenSeq kit panel and Imagen kits that have additional EVC prediction capabilities beyond what is published in the Verogen manuals. The additional EVCs that can be predicted include hair graying, ephelides hyperpigmented spots, dermatoheliosis, facial pigmented spots, standing height, pattern balding, helix-rolling ear morphology, hair shape, hair thickness, facial morphology, eyebrow thickness, sarcoidosis, obesity, vitiligo, and tanning propensity. The loci can be used to augment and refine phenotype predictions with software such as MetaHuman for missing persons, cold case, and historic case investigations.     

The “Rights Awakening” of Chinese Migrant Workers: Beyond the Generational Perspective

ABSTRACT

?In the spring of 2010, the strike of the Honda workers in Nanhai instigated an on-going discourse on the “rights awakening” of the “new generation of migrant workers.” Since then, much has been written about these young workers, generally described as more pro-active and ready to stand up against their employers than the older and more subservient generation. Drawing from statistical findings from two factory-gate surveys in the metal mechanics and garment sectors in Shenzhen, this paper tests two hypotheses: (a) that workers of the younger generation are more cognizant of their legal rights than older workers; (b) that the younger generation wants to work fewer hours and to enjoy life more. We argue that this popular image of the younger generation of migrant workers is one-dimensional and reductive, as it focuses only on generational differences as an explanatory factor for worker activism, while ignoring other issues such as types of industries and payment systems. In this paper, we purport that these elements play important roles in shaping the attitude of this younger generation toward their work and rights.     

High‐throughput Sequencing of Trace Quantities of Soil Provides Reproducible and Discriminative Fungal DNA Profiles

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) offers improved resolution between forensic soil samples by characterizing individual taxa present; however, the heterogeneous distribution of taxa in soils, and limited quantity of material available, may hinder the reliability of HTS in casework. Using HTS of the internal transcribed spacer, we examined the effect of soil mass (50, 150, and 250 mg) on fungal DNA profiles, focusing on reproducibility and discriminatory power between close proximity soils, and samples with similar textural classification. The results show that reduced soil mass had no significant effect on sample differentiation and that 150 mg soil provides the most reproducible DNA profiles across different soil types. In addition, Ascomycota was identified as a robust fungal target for forensic intelligence as this phylum was detected consistently across all samples regardless of sample quantity. Overall, this study highlights the value of trace quantities of soil for use in forensic casework.     

论“新生代农民工”犯罪

＂新生代农民工＂一词,首次使用在2010年1月31日国务院发布的中央一号文件中,特指1980年以后出生、具有农民身份的进城务工人员。截至2009年,＂新生代农民工＂的数量占中国农民工总量2.3亿中的六成以上。与改革开放后涌进城市打工谋业的＂第一代农民工＂相比,他们的文化层次、就业期待值、维权意识程度、消费水准均比其父辈们有显著提高。但承受就业困惑、面对不平等待遇的耐受程度却远远赶不上父辈们。因此,他们在踏着父辈们的足迹,为我国城市化建设做出巨大贡献的同时,由多种因素促发而成的犯罪问题也日益凸显,在相当地区,已经严重影响了社会稳定。本文从＂新生代农民工的＂犯罪特征入手,针对致罪因素,对防治＂新生代农民工＂犯罪的良策予以探讨,以求对构建我国城市社会的和谐稳定机制有所裨益。     

Sequencing Negotiating Partners: Implications for the Two‐Level Game?

In the late 1990s, Japan and South Korea concluded their first bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) in completely opposite sequences despite similar domestic pressures. Japan concluded an "easier" FTA with Singapore first and then concluded a more "difficult" FTA with Mexico. South Korea concluded a more difficult FTA first with Chile and then moved on to negotiate with Singapore. In this article, I analyze these cases and review the literature on bargaining and two-level games to develop a model of how these differences in sequence account in part for the relative differences in each country's bargaining strength in their more difficult negotiations. The preexistence of the Singapore FTA eased domestic pressures to reap the benefits of entry into the bilateral FTA game. Thus, Japan could approach the more difficult FTA negotiation knowing that a "no-agreement" outcome would not fundamentally increase domestic pressure to get into the free trade "game." This alternative to no agreement put the Japanese in a stronger international bargaining position. South Korea negotiated its harder case knowing that the relative domestic pressure to get in the FTA game would increase without an agreement. This relatively worse bargaining position created a context in which South Korea conceded more internationally at the expense of higher side payments domestically.     

Childhood,age of consent and moral regulation in Canada and the UK

This paper analyses the resurgent regulation of young people's sexuality in Canada and the UK and examines notions of childhood in relation to adulthood, referred to by the term ‘generation’, as they are portrayed in the political process. In both cases, the political manipulation of the identity of childhood in relation to adulthood that is both gendered and generational is an important enabling factor, although regulation takes place within a specific context for each. Moreover, this politics of generation reaches beyond the specific regulation of young people's sexuality through notions of hegemonic femininity and masculinity and the idealization of the heterosexual family in a far more pervasive regulation of society in general.