State Renewable Energy Governance: Policy Instruments,Markets, or Citizens

Since the 1990s, state governments in the United States have diversified policy instruments to encourage the electric power industry to deploy renewable sources for electricity generation. This study identifies the trends and variations in renewable energy (RE) policy governance among states and examines the effectiveness of policy instruments in the deployment of RE sources for electricity production. This study explores 18 state legislative, RE‐related regulations, programs, or financial incentives existing between 2001 and 2010 in 48 states in the United States. Renewable energy policies were classified into three types of policy approaches: command‐and‐control, market‐based, and information instruments. Results suggest that authoritative approaches are more likely to be effective in the governmental intervention toward a pre‐existing market, and information instruments and citizen participation became important in the power industry in the 2000s. In addition, it gives us some evidence that federal assistance under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 influenced the overall growth of the renewable electricity industry, in addition to state government–led policy designs.     

Seat share distribution of parties: Models and empirical patterns

We find that strategic sequencing and other factors sort parties roughly into two groups. Low-ranking parties lose part of their inherent support, compared to probabilistic expectations, while high-ranking parties profit from the shift. Our method is to graph the worldwide mean seat shares of parties at various ranks by size against the largest party share (Nagayama triangle format). The resulting empirical pattern looks complex, yet when we adjust a probabilistic model to account for strategic and other factors that may hurt the smaller parties, the fit becomes close. The number of parties that profit from transfers is close to the inverse of the fractional share of the largest party. The model fits best when the transfer is assumed to involve about one-half of inherent minor party support. This is a novel way to estimate the universal average strength of strategic and other factors that work against the smaller parties. The empirical worldwide mean pattern offers us a norm against which seat share distributions in individual countries or single elections can be compared.     

犯罪生成原理

犯罪理论最终决定于社会基本特征.犯罪构成源于实体观,犯罪生成源于关系观.犯罪构成在于以罪定刑,对抗性程序和客观事实;犯罪生成在于以刑定罪,协商性程序和法律事实.农业社会是整体生成的,工业社会是犯罪构成的.德日体系是构成论框架下的生成论,仍然属于犯罪构成.未来知识社会的犯罪论,是整体生成、要件生成的,是生成论框架下的构成论,属于犯罪生成.     

充分重视党校的党史课教学

中共党史课应成为党校系统的一门重要课程。党的三代领导核心历来十分重视对党史的学习和研究。目前 ,党校的党史课教学应注意结合新时期出现的特点 ,加强对社会主义时期党史的讲授 ,注重对社会变迁运动的分析 ,坚持论从史出。同时还应注重对党史课重要作用进行大力宣传 ,尽可能提高党史教员的综合素质 ,从而进一步发挥党史课以史为鉴、培育新人的作用。     

新城疫病毒广西分离株F基因的克隆和序列分析

根据GenBank中登录的新城疫病毒(NDV)F基因序列设计了2 对引物,对从广西分离的10株NDV毒株的F基因进行了分段扩增和序列测定,其基因序列全长均为1 662 bp,编码553个氨基酸,均有6个潜在的糖基化位点。将其F基因的核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列与已发表的10株NDV 参考株的F 基因序列进行了比较。结果表明,核苷酸序列的同源性为82.6% ~98.1%,氨基酸的同源性为87.7%~98.7%。这10株NDV广西分离株在裂解位点的氨基酸序列(112R R Q K/R R F117)与NDV强毒株特征相符合。系统发育树、酶切位点分析和基因分型结果表明,10 株NDV广西分离株中GX1/00、GX2/00、GX4/00、GX6/02、GX7/02、GX9/03、GX10/03和GX11/03为基因Ⅶd亚型,GX3/00和GX5/00为基因Ⅲ型。     

当代中国青年文化的回顾与反思

我国当代青年文化出现于 1 976年。 2 5年来 ,青年文化在话语方式、表现形式、与主流文化的关系、指向性和自身构成等方面都有较大的变化。当前的青年文化 ,政治性、社会指向性都呈现弱化的态势 ,表演性和其中包含的青年个体意识则显著增强。从总体上说 ,我国的青年文化不仅是代际性文化 ,也是阶层性文化。     

基于需要理论的新生代农民工思想政治工作探析

新生代农民工已经成为我国产业工人的主力军，他们的享受需要逐渐增多，情感需要日益迫切，发展需要逐渐突出。基于马克思和马斯洛的需要理论，结合新生代农民工的需要现状，应该将解决新生代农民工的物质需要与思想政治教育结合起来，将人文关怀与思想政治工作结合起来，刺激发展需要，创造条件满足发展需求，以增强新生代农民工思想政治工作的实效。     

The titularization of Latvian secondary schools: The historical legacy of Soviet policy implementation

Abstract

Few would deny that the Soviet occupation has had an effect on post-restoration policy making and implementation in Latvia. Indeed, many commentators of post-Soviet politics insist that we must come to terms with the Soviet to understand the post-Soviet. In our view, the effects of the Soviet legacy on the policy process are clearly apparent in post-restoration Latvia, specifically in the area of language education policy. This article argues that both Soviet and post-Soviet policy making and implementation can be characterized in three ways: duplicity, a Soviet ethos, and “professionalization”. In what follows, we first engage with the Soviet policy process in general and the 1958–59 education reforms specifically. Based on interviews with education professionals, teachers and parents, we then analyze Latvian education laws and their implementation in 2004, highlighting the legacy of Soviet governance.     

第二代城市移民违法犯罪防控对策

调查显示,群众对社会治安状况最关注的问题中,有相当一部分与第二代城市移民有着密切联系。第二代城市移民违法犯罪问题是司法实践中较为突出的问题之一,直接影响社会治安秩序和人民群众的安全感和满意度。根据其产生违法犯罪的原因,有针对性地采取加强学校教育、改善家庭教育、发挥社区作用、建立登记管理制度、充分发挥公安机关的作用等一系列的措施对第二代城市移民违法犯罪问题进行防控和治理。